Greek or Shakespearean Essay Example for Free

Grecian or Shakespearean EssayThe essential component to any tragedy, Greek or Shakespearean, is a protagonist with a fatal flaw. In Greek tragedy this is called hamartia. This Latin term translates directly into the word flaw but is ordinarily used to describe an excess of a personality trait virtue or vice. The protagonists fatal flaw pushes the the plot and action of the tragedy forward. It is this tragic flaw, which leads to the eventual(prenominal) downfall of the character, his circumstances, and the denouement of the drama. In examining the bulk of the literatures protagonists, no other character embodies the essential role of the flawed protagonist like juncture.crossroadss fatal flaw is his idealism. barely once Hamlet overcomes his idealism is he able to judge his revenge. The climax of the reanimate occurs with Hamlets realization that the world is not as it seems and that he must shrug off his idealistic values and avenge his tyros murder Act 3, scene 4. In S hakespeares Hamlet, act 3 scene 4, is a pivotal scene at bottom the play. The scene begins in the queen regnants chamber, as Hamlet slams the door open, with sword in hand. They engage in a dialogue of riddles combined with Hamlets mishandling of the weapon makes the Queen uneasy.Hamlet is upset at the Queen for marrying his fathers brother. The Queen screams Thou wilt not murder me? Help, ho and as Polonius responds, Hamlet promptly shoves his sword into the provide where Polonius hides and swiftly kills him. Hamlet wonders if it was the King, half hoping that it was Claudius, who Hamlet has been trying to kill the whole play. He fantasies about killing him, in the previous scene, he states In th incestuous pleasure of his bed. Hamlet is consumed by the idea of Claudius and Gertrude ma pouf love. Once he knows that he only killed Polonius he continues to scold him mother.She responds In th incestuous pleasure of his bed and Hamlet replies A bloody deed. Almost as bad, good mo ther, As kill a king and marry with his brother. Again Hamlet contrasts the two brothers that Gertrude has become involved with. Hamlet must avenge his fathers death. In doing so he must not only kill Claudius but in like manner resurrect his father. He does this by outlining how his fathers good qualities compare to his uncles bad qualities. Hamlet laments Look here upon this picture, and on this, The counterfeit presentment of two brothers. See what a grace was seated on this brow, Hyperions curls, the front of Jove himself,.. . This was your husband. Look you now what follows. Here is your husband, like a mildewd ear Blasting his wholesome brother. Hamlet contrasts the two brothers which he claims are completely the opposite. Hamlet believes that Gertrude might has mistaken one for the other. Hamlet continues to verbally assault his mother. Much of what he says is a rephrasing of Hamlets first solioquy, infirmity thy name is woman as good as Hamlet aggressive behavior toward Ophelia in the nun scene. Act 3, scene 4 is the part of the play when the climax happens. Hamlet must first confront the cause of this murder, Queen Gertrude.It is within in this scene that Hamlet gets his first taste of vengenance and murder when he easily kills Polonius. After this murder, Hamlet decides he can and must kill his fathers murderer, Claudius. However, Hamlets leaves his mother alone because his fathers ghost appears and advises Hamlet to Leave her to heaven. Hamlet respects and loves his father in life and likewise in death and adheres to the ghosts advice. Hamlets goal is to bring seat his fathers reign not just by pointing out Claudius faults but also by humiliating his mother and her new world to trash. Hamlet continues Have you eyes?Could you on this fair mountain leave to feed And batten on this moor? Ha, have you eyes? Hamlet is trying to convince his mother give up her new life with Claudius, to find her loyalty to her dead husband, and back to the way thing s used to be. Hamlet takes the role of scourge and minister, and tells her she can redeem herself from being a whore to being the good wife she used to be. Hamlet advises her to leave Claudius, the moor and climbs up on her dead husbands mountain. Hamlet explains throw off the worser part of your cleft heart, Hamlet instructs her, And live the purer with the other half. However, Hamlet, as much as he wants to love his mother, can not get past his belief that she is responsible for his fathers death. It is important to note that this scene takes place in the Queens bedroom. The conversation symbolized Hamlet and Gertrude essentially in bed together and hints to a sexual relationship. Hamlet speaks like a jealous lover chastising his little girl for sleeping with a different man and making their bed enseamed. The Queen is extremely upset and actually asks Hamlet to help her figure out what to do.At this point when Hamlet should have told her to confess, he urges her to stop her rel ationship with Claudius, Not this, by no means, that I bid you do Let the bloat king tempt you again to bed (Act III, sc iv). It is in the moment that Hamlet allows his emotion to dominate over his intellect that Claudius was killed. He is consumed by the thoughts of his fathers demise and is obsessed by the knowledge that his fathers soul will not be able to rest until his death is avenged. Hamlet willfully concludes, My thoughts be bloody or be nothing worth (Act IV sc iv).It is then that Hamlet finally had the ability to suppress his idealistic nature, and do what is right. The murder is not a well planned scheme and occurs in the heat of the moment. Hamlet, after the murder of Claudius never once wavers in his decision. He has done what is right and believes that There is a finical providence in the fall of a sparrow (Act V sc ii). Hamlet is able to do anything but take vengeance upon the man who did away with his father and has taken his fathers place with his mother. The pain which should have caused him to take immediate revenge was replaced by pity for himself.It is Hamlets idealistic nature that creates the net theme and driving force behind all the rising action, falling action, and resolution of this tragedy as well as the death of his mother. The way in which Hamlet views his mother, father, and Claudius is finally revealed in Act 3, scene 4. Once Hamlet is able to be honest about his feelings, he is able to finally seek revenge for his fathers murder. This scene is pivotal to denouement of the play and essential to Hamlets transformation from a boy to man who embodies the important qualities which were cherished and expect by an Elizabethan audiences.

Information Systems Paper Essay Example for Free

Information Systems Paper EssayFederal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) is the special services agency of United States of America, organise to serve the department of Justice and provide internal intelligence services. To assist them serve with Fidelity, Bravery and Integrity, FBI departments ar equipped with technic every(prenominal)y updated Information Systems. They are committed to deliver actively reliable and efficient training systems to centrally connect all its departments and records they collect. With central databases, FBI data Systems provide relevant info to condemnable justice agencies, special agents, national and local justice courts and FBI agents, who are committed to prevent any flagitious or terrorist activity within their areas of operations. FBIs information systems include (FAS, 2008) Counterdrug Information Indices System (CIIS) Central Records System Electronic Surveillance (Elsur) Indices Identification Division Records System National Center for the Analysis of Violent disgust (NCAVC) National Crime Information Center (NCIC) Security Access Control System (SACS)National Crime Information System (NCIC)NCIC is a centrally affiliated criminal record system that provides important information, like criminals records and reported cases, to central law enforcing agencies and all policies departments across the country. By maintaining all the records centrally, NCIC provides 24/7 365 long time information to all geographically distributed departments, that enables real time processing of any suspect arrested, any property detained or any lost person recovered. This information system is protected physically, technically and administratively. Through passwords, security alarms and other safety procedures, only authorized persons are allowed to view and alter any record. All the information in NCIC is provided by FBI, criminal justice agencies and local courts. FBI has the right to control, alter or distribute any such informatio n, it finds appropriate for the concerned party.All the information included recorded in NCIC is quite sensitive, and is subjected to authority, scrutiny and relevance. In case if this system is cracked, hacked, or physically assaulted, loss of information would be tremendous, and could be bleak for the social structure and peace of the society. Criminal Justice authorities will lose major source of their information, and the country will be vulnerable to criminal activities, since there would be no track left. In case of termination of services of NCIC, all law enforcing agencies will be affected, as they wont be able to endure their regular practices.In order to avoid any such situation, this computer system has strict physical security measures. whatsoever person visiting the computer center is thoroughly scrutinized for his identity, scope of visit, and they are always accompanied by local staff personnel. Any sharing of information taking place, under the supervision of FBI o fficials, is documented and records of all such transactions are maintained. All the information is encrypted, and stored in a way it is planned to be. Moreover, all the data communication lines are dedicated for NCIC, and are heavily protected. There is no termination between these points. On the other hand, all external entrance money points are also heavily protected. Authorization is provided to very limited officials, and only relevant information is provided. Moreover, both manual and automatic logs are maintained at both ends, and later exchanged to scrutinize the transactions.

Processes of Communication

Processes of CommunicationWe shall study the branch and elements of talk. This willDescribe the process of communicationExplain the elements of communicationDescribe the importance of communication process in our everyday lifeIntroductionCommunication is a process of sharing of ideas, facts, opinions and the manner by which liquidator of the subject shargons meanings and hearing with other. The objective of all communication process is to send a set of knowledge, in the form of signs, words or visuals, to a specific destination. However, thither are certain parameters which are responsible for this entire process. This lesson will focus on those essential factors which make communication process successful.Process of CommunicationCommunication is a process that uses a set of media to transmit ideas, facts, and feelings from one someone to another. For thousands of years pass ons were pop offd through spoken voice, when the sender and the receiver were in face-to-face situa tion. Even today in India, ad-lib communication reckonms to be a part of majority population. In face-to-face communication sender gets an immediate feedback. He and then easily knows about the impact, progress needs or demands of the receiver immediately. In this type of communication, the process remains limited to the sender and the receiver, where in, the way is the spoken language.Let us take another example of a teacher teaching in a class. The teacher is victimisation various combinations of basic forms of communication- spoken, written and visual. In the lecture, the teacher uses a sullen board or shows the chart. He also combines written words with spoken words. In this process, the sender becomes the teacher, the receiver becomes the students, and the channel becomes the audio-visual mode of teaching.The sender of the heart and soul selects when and what to fetch and also decides an appropriate medium for its transmission. The receiver takes the message, interpret s, perceives and responds to it. The entire chain here becomes the communication process. As a process, it is routine and continues forever. Every time a person transmits the facts, ideas, opinions or feelings, another person responds in turn communicating facts, ideas, feelings or attitudes. It is a never ending process which is cyclic in nature. agree to Wilbur Schramm, communication requires three thingsThe fountainThe messageThe destinationThe source may be an individual speaking, nodding, gesturing or writing. The message may be in the form of sound-waves in the air, or a wave of the hand or a written letter etc. The important thing is that it should be conveyed clearly so that the receiver can interpret it easily. The destination may be an individual who is listening, watching or reading the message or it may be a conclave of people listening to a lecture or watching a photograph.Harold Lasswell suggested a convenient method of describing the process of communication. Answe ring the following questions holds the key to understand the act of communication. The questions are-Who?Says what?In which channel?To whom?With what effect?Suppose two persons A and B are talking on tele call. person AHello, how are you?Person BI am fine, thank you. How are you? When are you visiting us?Person AI am fine too. I am coming tomorrow at 6 p.m. to your place.Person BShall I pick you up from the airport? Person ANo thanks dear, I will reach myself.Person BAll right, I will wait for you.In the above intercourse, Person A initiates the discussion then he is the source. Who therefore means communicator or the source. Person A is communicating to Person B. Person B is the destination or whom. If the discussion is on phone then telephone is the channel used. Whatever Person A is conveying to Person B becomes the message. When Person B responds to the message it is the feedback. Lets see the Lasswell model once againAccording to David K. Berlo, the whole sequence of communica ting or the communication process involves six steps.The source or the initiator of the message encodes his images, ideas, desires, objectives, and a purpose for communication, which is translated into a signs, symbols or code or a language. This is performed by the encoder who is responsible of taking the ideas of the source and putting them in a code, expressing the sources purpose in a form of a message. The receiver is the target of whatever communication. The receiver decodes what is being communicated to him by the sender. He interprets the message and reacts whence.Thus, there are a few imperative components of communication which are the unchanging and dynamic essentials. Communication bridges the gap between two or more than persons (sender and receiver) through producing and receiving messages which have meaning for both.How does communication take place?Encodes DecodesSender2. content 3. Channel4. ReceiverDecodes Encodes6. FeedbackSender of the message, first of all c onceives the message in his mind and he encodes it in symbol, painting, music etc.The message thus encoded is transmitted to the receiver through a channel. The channel can be direct face-to-face-talk, telephonic conversation or through letters etc.The receiver of the message decodes it and after understanding it gives a proper response to it.If the response goes back to the sender then it is called feedback. Because of the feedback, the sender modifies his message or mode of communication to make it more effective.For Instance, if we talk about a famous film Rang De Basanti. Here, the sender is the director of the film Rakesh Om Prakash Mehra. The message is the film itself, the channel is cinema, receiver is the auditory modality and the feedback of the film is that it was a hit.________________________________________________________________________________Elements of communicationThe elements involved in communication process areSenderMessageEncodingChannelReceiverDecodingFeedb ackSENDERThe sender is the communicator of the message. He is the one who transmits the message. He conceives and initiates the message. He is the one who thinks of an idea that he wants to communicate and accordingly fixes on a specific channel, to the capacity of the receiver. He transmits the message in such manner that it is easily intelligible to the receiver.MESSAGEMessage can be defined as a data, idea or information, spoken or written, to be passed from one person to another. It is the subject matter of communication. It may involve any fact, idea, opinion, figure, attitude or course of action, including information. Message is constructed by a set of codes that has an interpretation and an individual understanding to both sender and the receiver. The code could be verbal, non-verbal or written. A code can be defined as group of symbols that can be structured in a meaningful way. Languages are codes, which admit elements like sounds, letters, words, etc. For instance, a son g is a code, which has notes, syntax, tune, rhythm etc. Any form of communication thus requires code. Thus, message exists in the mind of the sender, who selects a set of codes to encode the message according to the needs of receiver.ENCODINGThe process of converting the subject matter into a set of codes or symbols is called encoding. The transmission of a message from sender to the receiver requires the use of codes. Therefore, the sender plans to encode the message in a particular way, depending upon the receptive power of the receiver. The sender or the communicator constructs the message using a set of codes. These codes encode the ideas for the receiver in a specific format and thereafter are delivered to its destination in the form of a message. expectAfter message is encoded in a format, sender decides a channel to transmit the message. Communication channel refers to medium or media through which the message is disseminated. The channel or mode of communication should be se lected by the sender in such a way that it is fully understood by the receiver. For example, if the message is a song, the channel becomes the audio medium of communication. If the message is in written forms, the channel can be in the form of letters, reports, manuals, circulars, notes, books etc. Television and films use audio-visual channel of communication.RECEIVERReceiver refers to the person to whom the message is intended. Sender of the message constructs a particular message for the receiver. The receiver decodes the message and understands it. He should be mentally and emotionally prepared to receive the message. Message should be conveyed in such a manner that the receiver is able to comprehend it fully. An effective communication can not take place without the presence of receiver. He receives, interprets, perceives, understands and acts upon the message. For example if the message is a film, the receiver is the audience.DECODINGWhen encoded message is translated and und erstood by the receiver, it is called decoding. The receiver converts the symbols, words or signs received from the sender to know the meaning of the message. Decoding of the message depends on the perception and the interpretation of the receiver alone. Decoding makes the message clearer and it is converted into ordinary understandable language by the receiver.FEEDBACKOn receiving the message, the reactions given by the receiver is called his feedback. Feedback is very essential in the process of communication. The continuity in communication is established exactly when feedback is generated. Communication is a process of action and reaction. Exchange of responses is an imperative thing in this process. Unless the sender is not aware of the response or feedback of the receiver, he cannot communicate further to make the communication effective. The sending back of knowledge about the message to the transmitter is known as feedback. For example, if the film is a message, the receive r is the audience, the feedback becomes the responses of the audience i.e. if they liked the film or not.AssignmentsClass AssignmentsWhispering GalleryPlay the game Whispering Gallery. The game can be played with a group of 10-15 students. A class can be divided into three or four such groups. The game begins with a group leader verbalize a message to the first member of the group, who then whispers it to the second and so on, till the message reaches the last member of the group. The leader checks to see how much the message has been changed. All groups may discuss the reasons for the transformation of the messages while they were playing the game. Write down what the game tells about the communication process.Home AssignmentsDraw the process of communication. claim the following tableSumming UpCommunication is often considered as an activity only. In reality, it is actually a process. The process of communication includes transmission of information, ideas, emotions, skills, and knowledge. This is done with the succor of symbols, words, pictures, figures, graphs, drawings, and illustrations, etc.Again, communication is the process by which we understand and in turn try to be understood by others. It is dynamic, constantly changing and shifting in response to the overall situation. Therefore, communication can be described as the interchange of thoughts or ideas. This is also referred as sharing of meaning.The thought is conceived by the sender and reaches the receiver after going through all the steps in the information transfer or communication process. The sender first process the thought he has received for clarity as to what exactly he wants to convey to his receiver. Once there is clarity in the message to be transmitted sender decides channel through which he wants to convey the message. When the message reaches the receiver he interprets the message and follows the same steps that were followed by the sender.Possible answers to Self-Check questions( c) We cannot communicate through gestures.Sender-Message-Channel-Receiver-Response of the receiverSender, Message, Encoding, Channel, Decoding, Receiver, FeedbackTrueEncoding(a) Converting message in an understandable language.Terminal QuestionsExplain the components of the communication processExplain Harold Lasswells process of communication in detail.According to Wilbur Schramm, what are the three essential things to the process of communication? Explain in detail.Suggested Further Readings1. Communication- C.S Rayudu (Himalaya Publishing House)2. Mass Communication in India- Kewal J. Kumar (Jaico Publications)3. Mass Communication Theory- Denis McQuail (Sage)4. agreement Mass Communication- Defleur Dennis (Hougptons Mifflin Company)KeywordsSource A place from which something comes, arises, or is obtained origin.Transmission To send or forward something to a recipient or destination.Response An answer or reply, as in words or in some action.Destination The place to which a perso n, thing or a message travels or is sent.Feedback A reaction or response to a particular process or activity.Receiver A person or audience that is being informed.Channel A medium, carrier or a method through which something is directed.Encoding To convert a message into a form that can be received by the receiver.Decoding To convert a message from code into ordinary language.Interpretation An explanation of the meaning of anothers artistic or creative work an elucidation.

Building Relationships when Working with Children

Building Relationships when Working with tiddlerrenNeringa BagdonaiteCONTENT PAGEASSESSMENT BUILDING POSITIVE RELATIONSHIPSTASKSummarise the current legal requirements for those working with baby birdren. This should accept references to the 6 filling goals and how they could be implemented in a child c atomic number 18 setting. rapsc entirelyion 2Explain what is meant by respecting and valuing individuality, and devise a visualise of how this can be implement in the child c are setting. A table format may be used for this task. scalawag 4 mensurate the benefits of consistency with regard to imperative and negative doings, and identify strategies that can be used to encourage positive behaviour in the child care setting. Page 6Describe the process involved in managing fighting between children and adults. You should refer to at least one behavioural theorist in your answer. Page 8Answer to task 1)The childcare Act was introduced on 11 July 2006. The act requires specific powers and duties of local authorities in England. These duties areProvide comme il faut information for parents.To improve the outcomes of children aged 0-5Provide information and training for childcare providers.Local authorities mustiness work with NHS and Job centre bug outners to improve the outcomes of all children up to 5.The Children Act 2004 sets a duty to make certain that any child would form the support they need tobe healthystay galoshenjoy and achieve and make a positive contribution to societyachieve economic hearty-being.The Act has certain requirements that childcare providers provide need to pit welfare, breeding, victimization. The requirements are set down in the Ofsted publication Statutory Framework for the Early Years human foot Stage. (Ref 1)Childcare providers must guide the break-dancement of childrens capabilities with a view to ensuring that children in their care complete the EYFS ready to benefit fully from the opportunities ahead of them. https//www.education.gov.uk/publications/eOrderingDownload/EYFS%20Statutory%20Framework%20March%202012.pdf accessed 26/05/12The Early years Foundation Stage learning and development requirements compriseThe assessment schedule must be arranged for children to establish their achievements.the early learning goals, such as the knowledge, accomplishments and understanding.The educational programmes.These are the learning goalsCommunication, language and literacy. Children are extending thier vocabulary, learning to speak correctly using words to construct sentence, learning to write and read accurately. Children must be given access to range of books, poems, and other written materials. Child care providers must give encouragement to children to use their skills in varios situations. It helps develop confidence.Physical development. Children must be involved in activities that develop their co-ordination, control and movement, and understand factors which lead into healthy lifestyle . Children must be supported in using all their senses to learn about the world.Personal, social and emotional development. These goals are helping children develop a positive sense of themselves and others, positive relationship, respect others, wield their soupcons and understand appropriate behaviour and positive disposition to learn. Childcare providers should help children to know themselves and what they can do.Mathematics. Children should develop and improve their skills in counting, understanding and using numbers from 1-9, calculating simple do-gooder and to describe shapes, spaces, and measures.Knowledge and Understanding the world. Children will develop the knowledge skills and understanding that will help them make sense of the world. They will learn of people, plants, and environment.Creative development. Children are involved in dancing, music, art, play. It provides opportunities to share their thoughts and feelings. (Ref 2)Answer to task 2)The child has to know t hat they have values and should treasure them.Parent and childcare providers must start learn children about respect and valuing individuality from early age. Children like to observe adults and see them as an example the way they deal in certain situation. Childcare providers and parents should surface children that they respect individuality, feelings, views, ideas and culture. We have different cultural backgrounds and it is classical to study children how to celebrate them. (Ref 3)Indoor and outdoor playtime, individual and group learning encourage children to respect themselves and others. Children will naturally respect those who use their influence in encouraging ways, helping them to learn and grow in safe surroundings. Children who feel valued growing up confident, it helps them to achieve goals in their lives. Good way for children to respect each other to use reward system.Respecting and valuing individuality planFriendshipFriendship is an classic part of child devel opment from birth.Friendship is a source of fun.Children give and receive practical help and emotional support.Understanding feelingChildren experiencing wide range of feeling and learning to understand them with help from adults.Every child is valued and differences are appreciated, everyone feels included and understood.CommunicationA welcoming atmosphere creates effective discourse.Effective communication flows information and knowledge.All communication is important (gesture, signs and body language).Posters and pictures are helping children and families recognise that they are valued.LearningChildren have a lot to learn from adults.It is important to review childs progress regularly and contribute with their learning.Effective practiceEncourage children to use greetings.All children receive a friendly welcome. vaunting list of the words that are used at home in their language.Positive interactionBuilding respectful and caring relationship with children.Respond fitly to encoura ge curiosity in learning.Discover what children like to do.Effective teachingHelp children to learn as a result they make connections in learning. software documentation and extend each childs learning.Provide children with challenges. Teach them not to fear failure and be confident.Listening to childrenYoung children and babies with speech delays communicate in other ways.Children need time to respond, childcare provider must encourage their thinking.Reflecting on practiceTo show children that childcare provider is pleased to see them every day.Get to know children and build positive relationship.Secure attachmentChildcare provider helps children pop off familiar with setting and make them feel secure.When children feel intellectual they are confident and like to explore untried things.IndependenceWhen children depend on adults for reassurance and comfort they become independent.Children are less independent in new situations, they can be unwell and anxious.(Ref4)Answer to task 3)Positive child behaviour can be promoted by using certain plan. It will teach what good behaviour is and how to reach it. Positive behaviour can be achieved working together with children and maintaining sensible expectations. Children behave differently depending on their age and surroundings. Childcare provider and parents must teach children that for negative behaviour there is negative consequence. Some forms of behaviour are acceptable while others are not.Learning to manage behaviour can be as easy as A B CAntecedent what happens before the behaviour occurs.Behaviour resulting behaviour is either acceptable or unacceptable.Consequence results of behaviour can be positive or negative. http//www.newchildcare.co.uk/page6.html accessed 18/07/12Using positive and negative reinforcement are two ways to help children to identify good behavior and understand what is appropriate in certain situations.Any type of reward increasing childs positive behaviour. Rewards tempt child to d o their task more regularly and on time.There are several(prenominal) strategies that can be usedChildren should experience the limpid consequences and actions.Children need guidance to understand positive behaviour.Teach children the concept of self-control.Rules and the reasons should be explained.Some behaviour should be ignored.Children should be congratulated for good behaviour.Teaching children new skill and behaviour.Children must learn that they will not achieve things by being selfish, destructive and angry. (Ref5)Negative behaviour is one of the worst things that parent and childcare provider can experience. Childs negative behaviour cant be ignored, because sometimes it can cause unwanted trouble. One type of the negative behaviour is aggression. Child can be angry, sometimes yell, refuse to listen and can be driven by his own thoughts.Other type of negative behaviour is passiveness. Children roost silent and ignorant in all situations and dont show any effort to respo nd. Usually children behave like this when they have something to hide from adults.It is important to understand the cause of the problem and explain why something is wrong. Children should understand that to repeat the same behaviour is wrong. Children should understand what means no.Every day habitude can help improve positive behaviour. For example teaching good manners when having meals, gathering everyone to the table and have food, being polite, teaching good hygiene habits.Every parent and childcare providers main goal should be to teach children how to develop self-discipline, responsibility and humanity for others.Childcare provider can make behaviour plan defy a list of desirable behaviour that children need to learn.Make a list of undesirable behaviour that child may demonstrate.Make a list of privileges that child can earn reward.Answer to task 4)Conflict can occur between children or children and adults every day and roughly adults and children experience stress.The parent-child relationship is one of the longest lasting social ties human beings establish, said Kira Birditt, lead author of the study and a researcher at the University of clams Institute for Social Research.http//www.medicalnewstoday.com/releases/149047.php accessedParents and childcare providers are facing many challenges when raising children. It is very important that children would grow happy, safe and would be able to deal with the conflicts in non-violent ways. Solving the conflict can help child develop emotionally. Usually conflicts are seen as negative behaviour. Childcare providers and parents should teach children to manage conflicts and if its come-at-able to stay neutral. Sometimes when conflict arise childcare provider and parent can listen and offer support. (Ref 6)Children have different personalities and temperament and when facing the conflict have varying reactionsSome children become angry when it comes to disagreement. It is important to help manage aggress ion.Some children can be bossy.Some children back down then(prenominal) it comes to the conflict, because they dont want to upset anyone. It is important to help them to learn to speak up.Learning principlesMany researches are carried out regarding conflicts. They believe that conflicts help develop major life skills.Theorist Piaget believed that conflict in children was healthy, and if worked through, would help children to overcome their egocentric thought patterns (Arsenio Cooperman, 1996). Erikson believed that life was full of conflict and in order to become a better person, one must resolve the conflict in each stage of life (Trawick-Smith, 2003). Vygotsky saw conflict as a learning experience. He believed that children, if in their zone of proximal development, would learn from the conflict and adult models to function better in social contexts. Looking at the beliefs of all of these well known theorists, one gets the feeling that conflict is a positive, healthy part of a c hilds life. http//www.kon.org/urc/dennis.html accessedResearches show a difference between boys and girls and that they have different type of conflicts. It states that young children are more likely to have conflicts than older and that girls react to words while boys react with actions.There are some causes of conflictYoung children have difficulty sharing their things.Lack of communication skillsWhen children are tiredAttention seeking childrenCultural differencesOpinions are not duplicateCompetitivenessJealousyPunishment is not good way to deal with conflict. It can be painful and create fear and not change childs behaviour.Adults need to be positive example for their children in handling conflict, smooth the progress of the conflict between children and interfere when children conflict becomes violent.ReferenceRef1 http//www.education.gov.uk/childrenandyoungpeople/earlylearningandchildcare/ spoken language/a0071032/childcare-act-2006 accessedRef 2 https//www.education.gov.uk /publications/eOrderingDownload/EYFS%20Statutory%20Framework%20March%202012.pdf accessedRef3 http//www.ccldnvq3.com/ccld-301/k3d174-the-importance-of-children-valuing-and-respecting-others-individuality accessedRef4 http//www.leics.gov.uk/eyfs_quality_review.pdf accessedRef5 http//www.kidsbehaviour.co.uk/using-positive-negative-reinforcement-promote-good-behaviour.html accessedRef6 http//www.teacherinduction.ie/Downloads/Teaching%20%20Learning%20docs/Improving%20Pedagogy%20in%20Infant%20Classes.pdf accessed

The Role Of Multidisciplinary Working

The Role Of Multidisciplinary WorkingThis es differentiate will relate to an observation of professional societal mildew fare in a Crisis Centre, for tribe with mental health issues who require support, and short-term accommodation, with the goal of returning home or to a new environment. This essay will focalise upon the section of multi disciplinary collaboration regarding the Crisis Centre staff, and Crisis Resolution Home Treatment Team (CRHTT), and to discuss why collaboration appears to play an important and fundamental role within social work practice. The essay will also aim to demonstrate good practice and possible strengths and weaknesses of multidisciplinary working.Within the field of social work practice it does reckon evident that multidisciplinary working is work undertaken jointly by workers and professionals from different disciplines or occupations (Pearson Thomas, 2010342) and has evolved at varying speeds all over the past 30 years, in response to impera tives of central government. (What evidence)?Evidence suggests that the ara mental health was among the first professions to adopt teams of workers from different professions, and the Community Mental Health Team is widely regarded as the model for multidisciplinary working (Community Care, 2010). It seems that , in relation to social work, the distinctive quality that has to be demonstrated is anti discriminatory practice and a holistic approach, by working with a range of situations and people having an attribute for developing multidisciplinary and partnerships (Higham,2006).The Crisis Centre that has been observed is run by a Local Council,Can u non say Liverpool and is a National Health Service Trust based in the community. The mettle also corresponds (look up meaning in dictionary)does this word apply here.-The union works within the or to the guidelines set down in the with the 1975 White Paper entitled Better Services for Mentally Ill. This highlights the importance of p rofessions, working unitedly to provide a community based table good (Social Care Institute for Excellence (SCIE), 2010) demonstrating that collaboration is fundamental to social work. The Crisis Centre provides beds for adults suffering from mental health issues who have been referred to them from the CRHTT, for instance by referral from their Doctor or health department. The next step is to complete an assessment in line with local authority guidelines and procedures, then(prenominal) produce a care plan and risk assessment. If they decided the dish up user is in crisis and cannot return home contact will be make to the Crisis Centre. Average sentence length is 15/20 words long.Have a look at yours.CRHTT use numerous ways and methods of contact to inform social workers, such as, E-mail, telephone calls and home bring downs. This can demonstrate collaboration through good practice and communication which is essential to social work. Effective collaboration surrounded by staf f at the front-line is a crucial ingredient in delivering the governments broader goals of partnership between services (Whittington, 2003). Also, in the audit commission 2002 it seemed evident that service users who seem to require social workers, will, and can, collaborate with former(a) professionals to provide appropriate service.During this observation multidisciplinary working was witnessed between the Crisis Centre staff, and the CRHTT regarding a service user in the centre through a telephone call. The CRHTT seemed to be following the National Occupational Standards key roles section three, by supporting the individual, representing their needs, views and circumstances by acting as an advocate (Higham 2006 98) and had been informing the Crisis Centre of what was happening. The Crisis Centre staff asked questions in a way that was treating the service user as an individual, by listening to their individual case, respecting and maintaining lordliness by only asking questions relevant to the Crisis Centres needs and criteria. Staff spoke clearly and discussed the dynamics of other service users (respecting confidentiality) already in the centre, declaring any fighting or positive interactions that had arisen since their last visit (General Social Care Centre (GSCC), 2010).These skills are seen as fundamental to social work practice as they are valuing the individual and provide a holistic approach. This will also ensure the social worker is not using their power in an inappropriate way.Furtherto a greater extent, in the 1990s the New Labour government recognised that problems cannot be addressed by people and organisations working in isolation. As a result the division of Health (DH) (1998) intruded the White Paper Modernising Social Services, which had multidisciplinary working as a key objective (Wilson, et al. 2008388). The DH (2000) No Secrets legislation actively promoted that multidisciplinary teams will empower, and promote, well-being of thre atened adults through the services they provide and the need to act in a way which supports the rights of the individual to lead independence (DH, 2000).DH No Secrets (2000) legislation was carried out by the service user, Crisis Centre and CRHTT via staff communicating throughout the day, and providing an environment where service users can come and go freely, yet still have support during their crisis. An physical exercise of encouraging independence was allowing the service user to cook and clean for them selves. Ryans (2010) evaluation of Crisis Centre and CRHTT asked service users what they valued best about their stay. Their responses included I was on the lowest rung of the ladder in terms of depression and self esteem. Now I can cook and iron. It has restored my get up and go and it is apt(p) me a sense of life back and helped me to find myself. I could not have gone on any longer. Staff have taught me to cope go and manage my panic attacks. This seemed to demonstrate par tnership working with the service user and multidisciplinary working. The 2006 White Paper Our Health, Our Care, Our Say emphasises the importance of people having to a greater extent control over their lives and access to responsive, preventative services by working together in multidisciplinary teams (DH, 2006). The Crisis Centre appears to fulfil this.(Empowerment) u could mention this if u think it would help passim the day through discussions, and observations, it appeared that the Crisis Centre staff and CRHTT encouraged emancipatory practice by involving the service user in their support. This shows good practice and also that staff were not routinized as each day was different, for example, they discussed how each individual was unique. If social workers become oppressed by working in routines this does not continuously benefit the service user, it is not good practice and is not fundamental to social work values.Who says this An example of this was observed when a member o f the CRHTT came to the Crisis Centre and completed a visit with a service user. During her visit she was contacted from her office through telephone calls, one of which was a new service user needing to be assessed urgently. She had to re-evaluate her cases as the new referral seemed more of a priority. She did this by speaking to her manager on the telephone and re -arranging for another colleague to see her service user, then asked the office to let the service user know about this change showing collaboration, good practice.This commitment demonstrates multidisciplinary working and partnership working with the service users are fundamental and collaboration is call for for social work and the interpretation from the staff involved demonstrates good practice. Collaborative working is required by government. To show partnership working with service users in the Crisis Centre, Ryan (2010) Is this reference in the right place or should it be after-required by Government . asked ser vice users how they felt about staff. Service users responses included any questions or anything you are upset over, you can go and ask the staff and staff are very supportive and helpful. Social work is about working with people to help them sort their own problems out. Kaggs read this highlighted part again, does it sound right, were u sleepy This essay has aimed to demonstrate positive multidisciplinary working through observation at the Crisis Centre. However, it appears that multidisciplinary working can be negative and dysfunctional. When a group of diverse people with varied skills come together into a team, things do not evermore go accordingly (Community Care, 2010). Cree (2003) cites multidisciplinary working can also be positive, but also frustrating and isolating (Dalrymple Burke, 2006). Wilson, et al. (2008) agrees multidisciplinary working does not always work efficaciously and as a result failures have been documented, such as, Victoria Climbie enquiry and Baby Pet er. In addition Thompson (2005) believes multidisciplinary can also appear to do more harm than good and can make situations worse.During the day it was bought to attention through a staff handover that one of the service users in the Crisis Centre had experienced a negative experience of multidisciplinary working. Consequently, this seemed due to the breakdown of communication between, his social worker, CRHTT, Crisis Centre staff and medical staff. According to Thompson (2009) without effective communication the notion of multidisciplinary becomes unobtainable. Staff at the Crisis Centre believed it was due to lack of budgets and lack of communication. During this handover reflective practice was witnessed and as a team they spoke about what, why and how things had gone wrong for the service user and how they could approach the situation to get the best outcome. Staff at the Crisis Centre spoke about how they valued supervision meetings as it gave them chance to function any conc erns they had and gave the manger chance to deal with any systematic practice that was leading staff to become unfocused (Thompson and Thompson, 2008). Supervision meetings demonstrate good practice and are part of social work codes of practice to develop through opportunities to strengthen skills and knowledge.This essay has demonstrated through observation the important of working with other professionals as one person cannot solve another persons problems alone (Thompson and Thompson, 2008). Also that multidisciplinary working is integral for social workers and many other professionals. This essay has aimed to provide a balanced outlook on multidisciplinary working as it demonstrated positive points, as working with other professionals by pooling skills together is essential. Correct use of legislation and commitment to social work practice can all enrich a service users life. Problems do occur though when multidisciplinary teams do not always communicate effectively and this can be frustrating. Through observation it became apparent that lots of people contributed to multidisciplinary teams and showed that collaboration, good practice and communication were not always ideally used within practice.

Injustice and the Importance of Being a Man in A Lesson Before Dying Es

Injustice and the Importance of Being a Man in A Lesson Before Dying Justitia, the goddess of justice, is portrayed with a blindfold holding scales and a sword, but she, in applying her scales and sword, has never been colorblind in the U. S. 11 Ernest J. Gaines accuses the wakeless injustice against the black population through an innocent convict, Jeffersons death in A Lesson Before Dying. However, Gaines penetrates the fact that the legal injustice is rather a result than a cause. Behind the unfair legal brass, a huge intercellular substance of the heathenish injustice, which always already presumes the colored people as criminals, does exist. Gaines, thus, puts more stress on Jeffersons transformation from a hog to a man. Unbinding himself from the humiliating self-notion, a cultural construction in a exsanguine ruling society, and establishing his own humanity, Jefferson exemplifies the potentiality of black empowerment against the prevalent racial injustices.22 Gainess i nsight and craftsmanship, which channel the legal injustice into the cultural frame, make the novel an outstanding masterpiece of the century. First, Jeffersons case provides a great example of the injustice in the American legal system in the antebellum society. Since white America did not count the black population as her citizens, the law was totally on the dominant white peoples side.33 Jeffersons attempt is just an official gesture or ritual. No matter what happens during the trial, Jefferson is doomed to death. The legal system operates just as a means of vengeance. If a white man is killed, a black man has to die for him. One of the most striking things about Jeffersons trial is the fact that, even before the conviction, every... ...n justice. Grants criticism against the ending making process of the date illuminates the hypocrisy of America as a Christian country. Nevertheless, Jefferson is described as a Christ-like figure. On Gainess skepticism about Christianity, unw rap Critical Reflections on the Fiction of Ernest J. Gaines, David C. Estes ed. (Athens, GA University of Georgia P, 1994), 77-84 and 257-59. 66 Herman Beavers, Wrestling Angels into Song The Fictions of Ernest J. Gaines and James Alan McPherson (Philadelphia University of Pennsylvania P, 1995), 174. 77 On the relation between the white law and cultural discourse that justifies the racism within legal system, Grant says, They play by the rules their forefathers created hundreds of years ago. Their forefathers said that were only three-fifths human - and they believe it to this day (192).

THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN LIFE STRESS AND HEALTH INVENTORY SCORES IN A COLLEGIATE POPULATION :: essays research papers

ABSTRACTScientific literature is replete with studies examining the relationship in the midst of stressful life events and the occurrence of compromised immune function as suggested by the presence of various illnesses. Forty college students answered questionnaires regarding the presence of stressful life events and the presence or absence of recent illnesses. The relationship between these scores was examined. Life stress scores were signifi pecktly positively related to to scores indicating illnesses on a wellness inventory. As scores indicating the presence of stressful life experiences increased, scores suggesting the presence of illness also increased.CHAPTER IINTRODUCTION AND REVIEW OF THE LITERATUREEach material physiological system has an individual established set point, or level of balance however, some fluctuations in these levels are tolerated. The balance of any system can be, and regularly is disturbed by internal and/or external events of the mechanical, physical, chemical, biological, and/or social types. When this balance is disrupted, and involuntary mobilizations of biological processes are not able to re-establish it, an solicitude reaction is activated (Schedlowski and Tewes, 1999). This reaction is referred to as a stress response, and the activating agent is the stressor (Selye, 1936).Recently, studies of stress have shifted from demonstrating relationships between psychological factors and somatic outcomes, to investigations of the mediational pathways involved in these associations. For example, (Cohen and Williamson, 1991) have built on the work of Lazarus model by suggesting that once an environmental event is encountered, it is appraised, and an affective response is made. After this response is made, a rain shower of behavioral and physiological processes is activated. Behavioral factors such as increased alcohol use, reduced exercise, changes in sleep quantity/quality, and changes in diet, have shown to be related to stress. In turn, stress-related changes are associated with many hormonal fluctuations known to influence susceptibility to disease (Schedlowski and Tewes, 1999).There is overwhelming evidence that daily stress may be harmful to the overall health of humans (Cohen, Tyrrell, and Smith, 1991 Glaser, Rice, and Sheridan, 1987 and Schleifer, and Keller, 1991). The mechanism by which stress influences health outcomes is thought to involve the immune system. RationaleAs reviewed, research has examined the interaction between stressful life events and the overall health of humans. This investigation will examine this relationship in a collegiate population, using two playpen and paper surveys. HypothesisScores on the College Life Stress inventorying (CLSI) (Renner and Mackin, 1998)will be positively related to scores on the Health Inventory (HI) (Holmes and Rahe, 1967).