Sales Proposal NESTLE Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Sales Proposal NESTLE - Essay Example Nesextravaganza is the name of the cold coffee that will be offered by Nestle at all of the parlors’ outlets so that everyone around the country can try it out. It has a huge range of direct and indirect competitors as it is competing with many brands in each of its product category. As the competition is at its peak, Nestle has to work upon differentiation strategies to deal with their customers and also ensure that they maintain their customer base in the market. Associating the brand name with an ice cream parlor is a unique and creative idea as well because many organizations are not observed to take such a step. However, for the cold coffee, it is in direct competition with Starbucks, Gelato Affairs, Movenpick and all other coffee shops ice cream parlors that are offering cold coffees. In the initial phase, the company has decided to introduce three unique flavors in cold coffee; one will be simple but strong cold coffee, second option will be caramel flavored cold coffee and third will be the chocolate flavored cold coffee. Since Ben & Jerry’s has seen a robust growth in the demand of cold coffee at its coffee parlors, it has to include this product in its menu list so that it can enter into the coffee market like Gelato Affairs has done. All organizations need to move ahead in the competition with the business requirements, ignoring any competitive move would prove to be consequential for the firm. At it already has a huge range of flavors in the ice cream category, it has the potential of offering various other options in cold coffee in the long-run which can enhance the experience of its customers to a great extent. Nestle has carried out the market survey and it is concluded in the study that the customers are willing to pay premium prices for having an excellent cold coffee at the ice cream parlors. The respondents have emphasized in the survey that they would love to have a chilled glass of cold coffee at Ben & Jerry’s which is has been ranked at the top level by the customers. It was even revealed that the target market prefers to visit this parlor once a week with their friends as it is their favorite place for hangout. The product ‘Nesextravaganza’ has a huge market potential and it can achieve its objective of gaining the top market share in the cold coffee sector in the ice cream parlors. Nestle Nestle’s history dates back to 1866 when it st arted its operations in Cham, Switzerland by the name ‘Anglo-Swiss Condensed Milk Company’. At that time, it was the foremost European company that was producing condensed milk for the customers. In 1905, the company merged with Nestle as a result of fierce competition within the industry and since then it has been dominating the confectionaries and coffee industries (â€Å"Nestle History†, 2013). The leading brands of Nestle are Nestle Pure Life, Nesquik, Nescafe, Nestle, Haagen-Dazs, Maggi, Milo, Nido, Nestle Milkpak and many more. As of 2012, the company had net profit of $ 10,611 million which is consistent with its 5% yearly growth rate despite the economic recession that is impacting the businesses globally (â€Å"Nestle Key Figures†, 2013). The primary objectives of the company are to be known worldwide as the leading corporation that fosters Nutrition, Wellness and Nutrition, gain trust of all the stakeholders and enhance the financial performance of the entire industry. It is common and well known fact

Providing An Enabling Environment Children And Young People Essay

Providing An Enabling Environment Children And Young People Essay The principle of providing an enabling environment is that children learn and develop in enabling environment, the environment plays a vital role in supporting childrens individual needs in learning and development, strong partnerships between practitioners and parents is a positive start to providing an enabling environment. The health and safety of the environment is vital to ensure the safeguarding and wellbeing of the children. Babies and children will feel emotionally safe and secure and will develop and learn most effectively. A truly enabling environment provides the stimulation and the positive relationships that support children to feel safe enough to explore. A good early childhood environment meets the childs basic needs and supports and encourages children to engage in activities that implement the programs curriculum. Further, the environment is designed to enable staff to facilitate the optimum learning for their children. Finally, the environment makes parents and guar dians feel welcome, involved, and empowered. In this essay I will look at how to organise a safe, but challenging environment for children. Explain the practitioners role within the wider multi-agency environment. Describe the regulatory requirements that must be followed when organising an environment for children in the early years. Evaluate the effectiveness of the environment in meeting childrens individual needs. There are a number of important principles to think about when you are planning for a safe environment for children and young people. When preparing environments for children, it is important to consider their age and stage of development. We also need to consider whether the environment meets the needs of the individual children. Children develop at different rates. Some children need more challenging activities while others may need a different type of activity or different resources observing individual children to see how they engage with the environment will help us to plan appropriately. Every child is an individual with different needs depending on their age and abilities. You must think about this when planning activities, for example when they involve physical play, or if more consideration must be given to the needs of a child who has just become mobile than to an older child, when planning room layouts. Some children have specific needs such as sensory impairments; for exa mple think about the challenges to a child with limited hearing understanding explanations about safety. The different needs of families and carers must be considered. You should always consider the childs safety and welfare in your mind when planning. Every child and young person has a right to a safe and secure environment. Before starting any activity it is important that you take into account the health and safety requirements of all children, ensuring that the environment is free of any hazards and it is safe for children to play. Health and safety is the most valuable factor to consider when planning a safe and challenging environment for childrens learning and development to take place. Developmental needs of children are also a factor to consider; as children grow and develop in different stages, so it is important to consider the developmental needs and abilities of children when planning an environment for children. Things we should consider when planning is: Physical Emotional Social Intellectual Accessibility Safety and supervision of infants and toddlers is a key role to providing a safe environment. All registered providers must meet the minimum requirements for space within their environment and staff ratios. Meeting staff ratios ensures the safety of children, failure to meet these ratios could cause accidents and injuries(Open Study College Early Years Level 3 PG50) By following all these points we abide with the legal obligation to the duty of care. Staff ratios as follows: 1:3 children under 2 years 1:4 children aged 2 years 1:8 children aged 3-5 years When planning for a healthy and safe indoor environment rooms should be organised to limit the safety, space is also a vital factor to consider, by ensuring there is sufficient space in relation to the number of children who will be using it within the environment. This allows children to move around easily and comfortably. Children from birth to two years require 3.5m2 space per child, children aged two to three years old require 2.5m2 space per child, and children aged three to five years require 2.3m2 space per child. (Open Study College Early Years Level 3) Multi agency working is when a number of professionals work together to provide support in meeting the individual needs of children. The wider community plays a vital role in childrens learning and development. Practitioners need to work together across services for example working in partnership with health visitors, general practitioners, social workers, physiotherapists, and speech and language therapist. To best support children and their families all these groups need to communicate well, listen carefully to all concerned and to put the childrens needs first. (Open Study College- Early Years Level 3 -V1.0 PG 40, 66) According to (The CAF process 26 April 2012) The CAF is a four-step process whereby practitioners can identify a childs or young persons needs early, assess those needs holistically, deliver coordinated services and review progress. The CAF is designed to be used when a practitioner is worried about how well a child or young person is progressing (e.g. concerns about their health, development, welfare, behaviour, progress in learning or any other aspect of their wellbeing) a child or young person, or their parent/carer, raises a concern with a practitioner a childs or young persons needs are unclear, or broader than the practitioners service can address. The EY. Statutory framework provides regulations that all early years setting must comply with when providing an environment for children. Health and safety legislations play a key role on the provision of an environment and must be followed by all employers with the setting. The Health and Safety at Work Act 1974- all employers have legal responsibilities under the Health and Safety at Work at 1974. Employers must meet certain rules to ensure that health and safety is implemented and to make sure everyone at work is safe within the environment. As practitioners everyone in the childcare setting must know what their health and safety policies in the settings are. In a childcare setting the following guidelines apply: buildings should be in good condition and designed with the safety of users in mind buildings and surroundings should be clean and safe and equipment must be safely used and stored. This act helps maintain healthy, safe and secure environments as is safeguards both the children and the adults working with them. Control of Substances Hazardous to Health (COSHH) COSHH is the law that all employers must follow in regards to harmful substances. (COSHH Regulations 1999) states Hazardous substances are anything that can harm your health when you work with them if they are not properly controlled. Most settings use cleaning products or have other products that are hazardous. While caring for children early years workers may have to handle nappy changing, or clean up after toileting or other accidents. In order to minimise the risk to health, it is important to be aware of hazards in the environment. It is essential to use protective equipment such as gloves and masks, if using hazardous substances. All products that are used by children, including toys, must be in a good condition and reasonably safe to use. All children are protected by safety laws. Various symbols are used to indicate toys and equipment are safe and suitable for children of particular ages. The kitemark symbol is used in the United Kingdom to ensure that products are safe and suitable. According to Author: John Rowlinson 21 December 2012) when you see a toy or product with a Kitemark this means that the British Standards Institution has independently tested it, has confirmed that the product conforms to the relevant British Standard The CE Mark symbol includes the name and address of the first supplier, was required by law to appear on all toys placed on the market in the European Union on and after January 1990. The Lion Mark was developed in 1988 by the British Toy Hobby Association as a symbol of toy safety and quality for the consumer. The lion mark for retailers By displaying this sign the retailer is saying that all products in the shop meet a certain standard of safety. This symbol displayed in the shop, in catalogues and in retailer advertising, indicates that the retailer has agreed to the Code of Practice. Practitioners need to consider that the toys they provide for children to play with meet their requirements of their individual age and stage of development. Practitioners should consider when taking donations or buying second hand toys, extra care is needed to ensure that they are safe and meet the current regulations. Avoid toys which are a risk to children choking e.g., toys with small components or parts which detach, avoid toys with sharp points, and edges or finger traps, also check toys have not become dangerously worn. Safety equipment is used within the early years settings to promote the safety and wellbeing of the children. Regular check on all safety equipment should be carried out, and the manufactures instructions should be closely followed. It is considered as good practice to buy new equipment, as it will confirm with the latest safety regulations. Below is a list of the safety equipment commonly found in the early years settings: Stair gates- prevent babies and children from falling down the stairs. Electric plus covers- prevent children from putting their fingers or objects into sockets. High chairs- helps young children to sit safely at mealtimes, they will have safety harnesses to keep the child secure. Window locks- prevent children from falling out, opening or leaving the premises. Radiator covers- to prevent children from touching the radiators when switched on and burning themselves. Early years premises should ensure high levels of security around the building to keep children safe at all times. Entrance doors should be kept locked at all times and controlled by staff members to ensure the safety, settings are required to keep a record of visitors, making sure they are signing in an out at all times staff should fully supervise visitors at all times whilst on premises. Children should only be allowed to leave the setting with an authorised individual that has been identified by the childs parents prior to starting the setting. In my setting where I previously worked we had to ensure that all children in our building are safe and have a secure environment, we had certain security arrangements in place, we had two mechanical doors which can only be opened from the inside of the building and as a security alarm system fitted which sounds whenever the door opens, we also had a policy about getting information from parents who can collect the child, names and picture s were taken prior to the child starting the nursery. Environments need to be appropriately heated and ventilated to prevent the spread of infection and to ensure a good supply of fresh air to children. Lighting should be appropriate for clear visibility and to enable children to work in comfort. The organisation of the furniture and activities is important in promoting the safety of the children and providing an enabling environment. When planning the setting of the environment fire exits should be clear of obstacles to enable safe evacuation if necessary, the layout of the environment should be adaptable for children with disabilities, the layout of the furniture and resources should allow sufficient space around the setting for children to move around more easily. Risks and hazards risks and hazards are found within all workplaces; within an early years setting there can be risks and hazards for children, staff members and visitors. A hazard is something a child does not see, is something that has the potential to cause harm, whereas a risk is a challenge a child can see, and chooses to undertake it or not, risk is the likely or possible outcome of the hazard. A risk assessment is a legal requirement which is used to identify potential hazards within the environment. Risk assessments are important within the early years settings to ensure the safety and welfare of all the individuals in the setting of children. Risk taking is important for children it gives them a chance to take on a personal responsibility when children learn how to take risks; they also learn how to think independently. The role of the practitioner in risk taking is decide what is safe for the children and then to supervise the children in taking the risk. As children becom e older practitioners can encourage children how to keep themselves safe. Practitioners working with children need to be the ones to control the risk, taking account the individual needs of children. Babies and young children have basic needs that must be met for them to develop and mature. For children, these essential needs include warm, caring, and responsive adults; a sense of importance and significance; a way to relate to the world around them; opportunities to move and play; and people to help structure and support their learning. The emotional environment is more than physical space because it contains the emotions of the children who spend time in it, the staff that work there and the parents who leave their children. Maintaining positive feelings is important for children to feel safe in the emotional environment. The emotional environment plays a key role in meeting childrens individual needs. Practitioners within the setting should ensure that the setting is warm, loving, secure and accepting place to be for everyone, not just for children. Practitioners should encourage children to express themselves by giving them chance to talk and by actively listening to them. According to (Martine Horvath Sunday March 03 2013) When children know that their feelings are accepted, they feel safe. The indoor environment will have an immediate effect on children learning and development. The indoor environment should be well equipped with high quality resources; indoor space needs careful planning as it needs to be flexible to accommodate childrens individual needs. Environments should be attractive and make children feel safe and secure and happy to be there. Children learn through play, exploring their environment and beginning to find out about the world around them. Play theorist Bob Hughes identified 16 different types of play. Early years settings need to provide a separate room for babies, but should be given regular contact to see older children to help promote their social and emotional development, as children some older, they require a balance of structured activity as well as the ability to initiate their own play. The outdoor environment holds equal value to the indoor environment and provides many opportunities for learning and development. Children gain enormous benefits from learning outdoors, ideally they should have access to outdoor space on a daily basis, not all children will gain access to a garden or outer space within their home, and therefore they should be given the opportunity to explore the outdoor environment whilst at their setting. The outdoor can provide development opportunities for children socially intellectually, physically, and emotionally. Being outdoors supports confidence and self-esteem. Outdoor play opportunities will be different depending in the age of the child. Child development theorist Jean Piaget (1896-1980), believed Children construct an understanding of the world around them, then experience discrepancies between what they already know and what they discover in their environment ( by Saul McLeod published 2009, updated 2012) Conclusion When it comes to children and young people, both the safety and the stimulating aspects of the environment should be considered at the same time. Every child and young person has the right to a safe environment and children must have the opportunity of growing up and developing in an environment that is as healthy and safe as possible. An enabling environment will support and facilitate learning and development for children. Children within the early years settings are actively encouraged to explore the indoor and outdoor environment equally, conscientious practitioners and key workers will support learning as children freely engage and interact with their surroundings. Referecences https://www.education.gov.uk/publications/eOrderingDownload/Development-Matters.pdf Greenman, J. (1988).  Caring spaces, learning places: Childrens environments that work.  Redmond,  WA: Exchange Press. Available online:http://www.earlychildhoodnews.com/earlychildhood/article_view.aspx?ArticleID=294 By Martine Horvath Sunday March 03 available online: http://eyfs.info/articles/article.php?Enabling-Environments-64 The CAF process updated 26 april 2012 available online: http://www.education.gov.uk/childrenandyoungpeople/strategy/integratedworking/caf/a0068957/the-caf-process http://www.lboro.ac.uk/research/design4health/outputs/d4h_main_home/Intro/Legal/COSHH/coshh.html OPEN STUDY COLLEGE EARLY YEARS LEVEL 3 STUDY GUIDE NCFE INVESTING IN QUALITY http://www.practicalpreschoolbooks.com/Content/Site120/FilesSamples/742978190724118_00000000380.pdf Author: John Rowlinson Updated: 21 December 2012 Safety Marks: What Do They Mean? online  http://www.safekids.co.uk/toysafetymarks.html

Sex Offenders- Four Domains of Criminogenic Needs Assessment Essay

This essay begins with the introduction of the Risk-Needs-Responsivitiy Model which was developed to assess offending and offer effective rehabilitation and treatment (Andrews & Bonta, 2007). The R-N-R model â€Å"remains the only empirically validated guide for criminal justice interventions that aim to help offenders† (Polashek, 2012, p.1) consisting of three principles which are associated with reductions in recidivism of up to 35% (Andrew & Bonta, 2010); risk, need and responsivity. Firstly, the risk principle predicts the offenders risk level of reoffending based on static and dynamic factors, and then matched to the degree of intervention needed. Secondly, the R-N-R targets individual’s criminogenic needs, in relation to dynamic factors. Lastly, the responsivity principle responds to specific responsivity e.g. individual needs and general responsivity; rehabilitation provided on evidence-based programming (Vitopoulous et al, 2012). This R-N-R model will be used to assess the case of Jamie Wilson, focusing on the assessment of his criminogenic needs in relation to his offence, as changing these dynamic factors can reduce the probability of recidivism (Andrew & Bonta, 2010). Furthermore, this essay will consider the risk and responsivity in regards to Jamie Wilson’s case. Jamie aged 27, has been convicted of a rape of a child and sentenced to eight years custody. The victim aged 12, was approached by Jamie on the way home from school and sexually assaulted. Jamie has no previous convictions of this type; however he has convictions for shop-theft, drinking and driving with no insurance. The needs principle of the R-N-R consists of four domains of criminogenic needs as discussed below. The first domain deviant sexual interest ... ...on And Violent Behaviour, 5(5), 491-507. doi:10.1016/S1359-1789(98)00036-6 Weldon, S., & Gilchrist, E. (2012). Implicit Theories in Intimate Partner Violence Offenders. Journal Of Family Vioence, 27(8), 761-772. doi:10.1007/s10896-012-9465-x Witt, P., Greenfield, D., & Hiscox, S. (2008). Cognitive/behavioural approaches to the treatment adult sex offenders. Journal of Psychiatry & Law, 36(2), 245-269, retrieved from EBSCOhost Worling, J .(2012). The assessment and treatment of deviant sexual arousal with adolescents who have offended sexually. Journal of Sexual Aggression, 18(1), 36-63. doi: 10.1080/13552600.2011.630152 Worling, J. (2006). Assessing Sexual Arousal with Adolescent Males Who Have Offended Sexually: Self- Report and Unobtrusively Measured Viewing Time. Sexual Abuse: A Journal Of Research & Treatment, 18(4), 383-400. doi: 10.1007/s11194-006-9024-1

Ethics of Hydraulic Fracturing Essay

Large gas companies have been wreaking havoc on Midwestern United States. These companies’ practices of hydraulic fracturing have been very detrimental to the local populace. Hydraulic fracturing has been known to damage the environment through earthquakes and gas spills. In addition, it has been said that these companies have certain law exemptions that only they enjoy. These unsafe practices have contaminated local’s water supplies. There have even been cases where people have been able to light the water from their faucets on fire. Stricter government regulation should be enforced on these gas companies. Hydraulic Fracturing, or fracking, has recently (in the last ten years) been used extensively by gas companies (â€Å"The Facts About Fracking†). Fracking involves drilling down below shale formations (over a thousand feet) in the ground and pumping water, sand, and chemicals until the rock fractures. When the rock fractures it releases natural gas that can be collected at very inexpensive cost. The problem is that this can contaminate local water supplies, including lakes, ponds, streams, rivers, and ground water. The documentary Gasland stirred up interest in the American population to the effects of fracking. After being offered one hundred thousand dollars for his land from a gas company, the director Josh Fox traveled around America investigating the effects of fracking on the local rural populace. Josh Fox did an excellent job at exposing the gas industry for what it really is. The film won an Oscar nomination and has been praised by environmentalists nation-wide. One of the environmentally damaging effects of hydraulic fracturing is that it has been known to cause earthquakes. Reports of minor tremors of no greater than 2. 8 on the Richter scale were reported on June 2, 2009 in Cleburne, Texas, the first in the town’s 140-year history† (Fox). On the other side of the argument, they claim â€Å"Given the ubiquity of fracking without seismic impact, the risks would seem to be remote† (â€Å"The Facts About Fracking†). This is irrelevant considering that earthquakes are happening where they otherwise would not have occurred. In addition to earthquakes, they also damage the environment by causing environmentally damaging oil spills. In the past two years alone, a series of surface spills, including two blowouts at wells operated by Chesapeake Energy and EOG Resources and a spill of 8000 gallons of fracking fluid at a site in Dimock, Pa. , have contaminated groundwater in the Marcellus Shale region. The amount of water required to drill all 2916 of the Marcellus wells permitted in Pennsylvania in the first 11 months of 2010 would equal the amount of drinking water used by just one city, Pittsburgh, during the same period, says environmental engineering professor Jeanne VanBriesen (qtd. n McGraw). Spills like these cause water contamination for the locals. In this case, a large portion of the spilled fracking fluid flowed into a nearby stream (McGraw). The level of contamination is still being investigated. These irresponsible and selfish practices must be regulated before irreversible collateral and environmental damage occurs. Gas companies have even been able to exploit certain loopholes in the law. An employee from the Environmental Protection Agency stated that the fracking industry enjoy certain legal exemptions from the Clean Water Act – courtesy of Dick Cheney (qtd. in Fox). The federal Energy Policy Act of 2005 contained a provision that has come to be known as the â€Å"Halliburton Loophole,† an exemption for gas drilling and extraction from requirements in the underground injection control (UIC) program of the Safe Drinking Water Act (SDWA). Other exemptions are also present in the Clean Air Act and Clean Water Act (Fox). This is an injustice to the local people whose water has been contaminated by these companies. If the government will not regulate these large companies, what will stop these large companies? Furthermore, chemicals contaminating the locals’ water supply have been shown to be a serious health risk. It is reported that â€Å"Last year the EPA found that some chemicals known to be used in fracturing were among the contaminants detected in 11 residential drinking water wells†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Lustgarten). These chemicals have even been known to be carcinogenic (Lustgarten). Contaminated groundwater becomes a problem for locals when their cattle have to drink the contaminated water. There are even cases of sick animals where all their hair falls out (Fox). Many farmers worry about the welfare of their cattle’s health which is sometimes their only source of income (Fox). Landowners in shale gas drilling areas have reported foul smells in tap water, and toxic chemicals, such as benzene, have been detected in water from wells near drilling sites (Fox). In addition, there are cases of air pollution from the machinery from the drill sites (Fox). Many claim that the air pollution is the cause of a lot of cancer in the locals (Fox). In Dish, Texas, Mayor Calvin Tillman claimed that the fracking industry created carcinogenic pollution in his town (â€Å"The Facts About Fracking†). He then quit his job and left his hometown to protect his sons from this pollution (â€Å"The Facts About Fracking†). These unsafe practices can be very harmful to the local rural populace, and must be regulated. Scientific studies have shown that the drilling has caused local drinking water to be contaminated with methane. In fact, it has been shown that locals can light their water on fire. â€Å"â€Å"Our results show evidence for methane contamination of shallow drinking water systems in at least three areas of the region and suggest important environmental risks accompanying shale gas exploration worldwide. A scientific study has linked natural gas drilling and hydraulic fracturing with a pattern of drinking water contamination so severe that some faucets can be lit on fire. While most of the wells had some methane, the water samples taken closest to the gas wells had on average 17 times the levels detected in wells further from active drilling† (Lustgarten). This shows that their gas drilling in fact causes this contamination. The contamination can get so bad that it directly affects the local’s safety. There is a case that is being investigated where a large portion of a river is highly contaminated from seeping methane gas; it is so highly contaminated that all wildlife has died along a large portion of the river (Fox). Along the banks of the river are dead bodies of birds, squirrels, and other wildlife (Fox). One local even claims that her father died from drinking the water many years earlier (Fox). In Josh Fox’s documentary, it shows a clip of someone lighting seeping gas coming out of the ground on fire (Fox). â€Å"In several cases, homes blew up after gas seeped into their basements or water supplies. In Pennsylvania, a 2004 accident killed three people, including a baby† (Lustgarten). This irresponsible, disregard for basic human rights must be stopped. Large corporations that run free and unregulated will do whatever it takes for their own gain. The local rural populace has been very badly affected by the practices of hydraulic fracturing. It is clearly shown that these locals are not being heard and little is being done for compensation for the locals (Fox). These gas companies have too much freedom to operate and must be put to stricter government regulation. The question is not whether we should frack or not, but rather how do we regulate these practices to minimize the collateral and environmental damage.

Raffles Hotel

International hospitality practice Raffles Hotel in Singapore Full Situational Audit of the Raffles Hotel and Develop a Strategic Place for the next 3 Years. Cover Page: Student Number, Module Code, Title, Module Tutor Table of Contents, List of Tables, Figures and Appendices Introduction Explaining the Purpose of the Report Brief Company Overview (10% of the assignment mark) 400 words External Audit: analysis of relevant macro-environmental (PESTE) and industry dynamics (Porter’s Five Forces), an assignment of competition and evaluation of Key Success Factors.The application David’s Factor Evaluation (EFE) matrix might assist your analytical process (30%) 1200 words Internal Audit: Analysis of the company’s strategic positioning in the marketplace and key target segments, an evaluation of the corporate portfolio and expansion strategies in relation to the firm’s centric approach and a comprehensive strengths-weaknesses analysis of current resources and co mpetences, value chain activities and value networks. The application David’s Internal Factor Evaluation (IFE) matrix might assist your analytical process (30%) 1200 wordsStrategic plan for the next three years: This should include an evaluation of strategic options (TOWS matrix), the development of a new sales target, SMART objectives, the development of a mix of suitable strategies and a monitoring, control and contingency plan. (30%) 1200 words List of references Company Overview Raffles Hotel is a colonial-style hotel in Singapore. It was established by two Armenian brothers from Persia—Martin and Tigran Sarkies—in 1887. In later years they were joined by younger brothers Aviet and Arshak and kinsman Martyrose Arathoon.With their innovative cuisine and extensive modernisations, the firm built the hotel into Singapore's best known icon. It was named afterStamford Raffles, the founder of modern Singapore, whose statue had been unveiled in 1887. The hotel is cu rrently managed byFairmont Raffles Hotels International and houses a tropical garden courtyard, museum, and Victorian-style theatre. Raffles Hotel has a shopping arcade housing boutique brands such as Louis Vuitton, Surrender, and Tiffany & Co.. The arcade houses most of the hotel's restaurants.It also has shops such as the custom tailor, CYC The Custom Shop,[9] which makes shirts for Singapore's first prime minister, Lee Kuan Yew, and the third and current prime minister, Lee Hsien Loong. The third floor of the arcade houses the Raffles Hotel Museum and Jubilee Hall. Accommodation The hotel has 103 suites: – 84 Courtyard and Palm Court Suites – 12 Personality Suites – 5 Grand Hotel Suites – 2 Presidential Suites Activities – 15 Restaurants and bars – Raffles Spa – Outdoor swimming pool – Raffles Hotel Shopping Arcade Jubilee Hall theatre – Raffles Hotel gardens – Gymnasium – Event spaces – Executive centre Business Services A team of 24-hour personal Raffles butlers endeavours to assist hotel guests in all matters of business and leisure throughout their stay. The Executive Centre is another haven where residents can work or relax at their wish. Designed as a study, it is fitted with personal computer workstations and printers, and stocked with a selection of international newspapers, business magazines as well as commercial/industrial trade directories.The perfect location for a business meeting, Raffles Singapore features seven function rooms for events of up to 350 guests. With a choice of rooms, attentive service and all the technology you would expect, we’ll make it happen – exactly the way you want it Facilities Outdoor Swimming Pool & Bar Luxuriate in an exclusive haven by the rooftop pool, set amidst the lush tropical surroundings. Raffles Hotel Shopping Arcade Raffles Hotel Shopping Arcade stands as an oasis of calm amidst the busy city and is an integra l part of the world-renowned Raffles Singapore.The shopping arcade offers an extraordinary experience to discerning shoppers both locally and from around the world. It houses over 35 international and regional fashion and designer stores, as well as the popular Raffles Shop with fascinating memorabilia and collectibles available for purchase. Jubilee Hall A charming, Victorian-style theatre playhouse seating 388 guests, Jubilee Hall is noted as a premier cultural venue for varied repertoires and ceremonies. Sir Charles – Flowers For The GentlemanWith a bloom for the gentleman to shower upon his lady and a posy for the lady to accord her gentleman, let the distinguished flowers from Sir Charles speak for you. From hand posies and hand bouquets to potted floras and lavish arrangements, Sir Charles has a delightful bloom for every joyous occasion. Gardens at Raffles Hotel Raffles Singapore is perfectly accompanied by the lush greenery and the landscaping which make up a quarter of the total land area of the Hotel.The gardens and courtyards at the hotel include the Palm Court, Palm Garden, Fern Court, The Lawn, Raffles Courtyard and Raffles Square. An iconic plant found in the gardens of Raffles Singapore is the Travellers Palm, which as tales would tell, has been known to save the lives of travellers in search of water with its fan-shaped foliage providing welcoming shade. The leaves are also said to be aligned on an East-West axis, thus pointing travellers in the right direction. Limousine ServiceArrive in style at the grand gravel driveway of Raffles Singapore with our chauffeured limousine service, or be whisked away to your next destination after your stay with us. Our classic Daimler or Bentley limousines promise to transport you to the glorious heydays of a bygone era, without which no Raffles experience is complete. A luxurious fleet of other modern limousines are also available. Family Outdoor Swimming Pool Luxuriate in an exclusive haven by the ro oftop pool, set amidst the lush tropical surroundings.Raffles Hotel Shopping Arcade Raffles Hotel Shopping Arcade stands as an oasis of calm amidst the busy city and is an integral part of the world-renowned Raffles Singapore. The shopping arcade offers an extraordinary experience to discerning shoppers both locally and from around the world. It houses over 35 international and regional fashion and designer stores, as well as the popular Raffles Shop with fascinating memorabilia and collectibles available for purchase. Resident HistorianExperience a tour with Raffles Singapore’s very own Resident Historian Leslie Danker who has been with the hotel for almost 40 years. 24-Hour Butler Service At Raffles Singapore, we want our hotel guests to feel the ultimate service from our hearts. Delivering a high level of discreet and attentive service is the role of the Raffles butler. We call that ‘service with a gentle breeze’. The butler team can also make arrangements for babysitting services, offer children’s amenities such as toys and games, should you require them.

Proverbs Fall Apart

Proverbs Fall Apart Proverbs Fall Apart Proverbs were a very important part of the Ibo culture. Wisdom and advice is held within the short, yet meaningful phrases. The proverbs stood as a microcosm for the their culture and their views on life. But as the white men came into Umuofia, they shook the Ibo until their culture fell apart. Life as they knew it disappeared and many of the Ibo proverbs no longer held true.The Ibo said that "the sun will shine on those who stand before it shines on those who kneel under them"‚  (8). Here, Unoka was speaking about his debts. He is saying that he will repay his debts in order from greatest to least amount of value; those who loaned Unoka more will have their debts paid off first. It also shows in the Ibo culture that those who are greater will get more glory or recognition than those who follow in their shadows.English: Scroll of the Book of Proverbs

Hildegard of Bingen, Mystic, Writer, Composer, Saint

Hildegard of Bingen, Mystic, Writer, Composer, Saint Hildegard of Bingen (1098–September 17, 1179) was a medieval mystic and visionary and Abbess of Bingens Benedictine community. She was also a prolific composer and the author of several books on spirituality, visions, medicine, health and nutrition, nature. A powerful figure within the church, she corresponded with Queen Eleanor of Aquitaine and other major political figures of the time. She was made a saint of the Church of England and was later canonized by the Catholic Church. Fast Facts: Hildegard of Bingen Known For: German mystic, religious leader, and saintAlso Known As: Saint Hildegard, Sibyl  of the  RhineBorn: 1098 in  Bermersheim vor der Hà ¶he, GermanyParents: Mechtild of Merxheim-Nahet,  Hildebert of BermersheimDied: September 17, 1179 in  Bingen am Rhein, GermanyEducation: Privately educated in at the  Benedictine  cloister of Disibodenberg by Jutta, a sister of the count of SpanheimPublished Works:  Symphonia armonie celestium revelationum, Physica, Causae et Curae, Scivias, Liber Vitae Meritorum, (Book of the Life of Merits), Liber Divinorum Operum (Book of the Divine Works)Awards and Honors:  Canonized in 2012 by Pope Benedict XVI; proclaimed a doctor of the church in the same yearNotable Quote: Woman may be made from man, but no man can be made without a woman. Hildegard of Bingen Biography Born in Bemersheim (Bà ¶ckelheim), West Franconia (now Germany), in 1098, Hildegard of Bingen was the 10th child of a well-to-do family. Shed had visions connected with illness (perhaps migraines) from a young age, and in 1106 her parents sent her to a 400-year-old Benedictine monastery that had only recently added a section for women. They put her under the care of a noblewoman and resident there named Jutta, calling Hildegard the familys tithe to God. Jutta, whom Hildegard later referred to as an unlearned woman, taught Hildegard to read and write. Jutta became the abbess of the convent, which attracted other young women of noble background. In that time, convents were often places of learning, a welcome home to women who had intellectual gifts. Hildegard, as was true of many other women in convents at the time, learned Latin, read the scriptures, and had access to many other books of religious and philosophical nature. Those who have traced the influence of ideas in her writings find that Hildegard must have read quite extensively. Part of the Benedictine rule required study, and Hildegard clearly availed herself of the opportunities. Founding a New, Female House When Jutta died in 1136, Hildegard was elected unanimously as the new abbess. Rather than continue as part of a double house- a monastery with units for men and for women- Hildegard in 1148 decided to move the convent to Rupertsberg, where it was on its own and not directly under the supervision of a male house. This gave Hildegard considerable freedom as an administrator, and she traveled frequently in Germany and France. She claimed that she was following Gods order in making the move, firmly opposing her abbots opposition. She assumed a rigid position, lying like a rock until he gave his permission for the move. The move was completed in 1150. The Rupertsberg convent grew to as many as 50 women and became a popular burial site for the wealthy of the area. The women who joined the convent were of wealthy backgrounds, and the convent did not discourage them from maintaining something of their lifestyle. Hildegard of Bingen withstood criticism of this practice, claiming that wearing jewelry to worship God was honoring God, not practicing selfishness. She later also founded a daughter house in Eibingen. This community is still in existence. Hildegards Work and Visions Part of the Benedictine rule is labor, and Hildegard spent early years in nursing and at Rupertsberg in illustrating (illuminating) manuscripts. She hid her early visions; only after she was elected abbess did she receive a vision that she said clarified her knowledge of the psaltery...the evangelists and the volumes of the Old and New Testament. Still showing much self-doubt, she began to write and share her visions. Papal Politics Hildegard of Bingen lived at a time when, within the Benedictine movement, there were stresses on the inner experience, personal meditation, an immediate relationship with God, and visions. It was also a time in Germany of striving between papal authority and the authority of the German (Holy Roman) emperor and by a papal schism. Hildegard of Bingen, through her many letters, took to task both the German Emperor Frederick Barbarossa and the archbishop of Main. She wrote to such luminaries as King Henry II of England and his wife Eleanor of Aquitaine. She also corresponded with many individuals of low and high estate who wanted her advice or prayers. Hildegards Favorite Richardis or Ricardis von Stade, one of the convents nuns who was a personal assistant to Hildegard of Bingen, was a special favorite of Hildegard. Richardis brother was an archbishop, and he arranged for his sister to head another convent. Hildegard tried to persuade Richardis to stay and wrote insulting letters to the brother and even wrote to the pope, hoping to stop the move. But Richardis left and died after she decided to return to Rupertsberg but before she could do so. Preaching Tour In her 60s, Hildegard of Bingen began the first of four preaching tours, speaking mostly in other communities of Benedictines such as her own and other monastic groups, but also sometimes speaking in public settings. Hildegard Defies Authority A final famous incident happened near the end of Hildegards life when she was in her 80s. She allowed a nobleman who had been excommunicated to be buried at the convent, seeing that he had last rites. She claimed shed received word from God allowing the burial. But her ecclesiastical superiors intervened and ordered the body exhumed. Hildegard defied the authorities by hiding the grave, and the authorities excommunicated the entire convent community. Most insultingly to Hildegard, the interdict prohibited the community from singing. She complied with the interdict, avoiding singing and communion, but did not comply with the command to exhume the corpse. Hildegard appealed the decision to yet higher church authorities and finally had the interdict lifted. Hildegard of Bingen Writings The best-known writing of Hildegard of Bingen is a trilogy (1141–1152) including Scivias, Liber Vitae Meritorum, (Book of the Life of Merits), and Liber Divinorum Operum (Book of the Divine Works). These include records of her visions- many are apocalyptic- and her explanations of scripture and salvation history. She also wrote plays, poetry, and music, and many of her hymns and song cycles are recorded today. She even wrote on medicine and nature- and its important to note that for Hildegard of Bingen, as for many in medieval times, theology, medicine, music, and similar topics were united, not separate spheres of knowledge. Was Hildegard a Feminist? Today, Hildegard of Bingen is celebrated as a feminist. This has to be interpreted within the context of her times. On the one hand, she accepted many of the assumptions of the time about the inferiority of women. She called herself a paupercula feminea forma or poor weak woman, and implied that the current feminine age was thereby a less-desireable age. That God depended on women to bring his message was a sign of the chaotic times, not a sign of the advance of women. On the other hand, she exercised considerably more authority than most women of her time in practice, and she celebrated feminine community and beauty in her spiritual writings. She used the metaphor of marriage to God, though this was not her invention nor a new metaphor- and it was not universal. Her visions have female figures in them: Ecclesia, Caritas (heavenly love), Sapientia, and others. In her texts on medicine, she included topics that male writers usually avoided, such as how to deal with menstrual cramps. She also wrote a text just on what is today called gynecology. Clearly, she was a more prolific writer than most women of her era; more to the point, she was more prolific than most of the men of the time. There were some suspicions that her writing was not her own and could instead be attributed to her scribe Volman, who seems to have taken the writings that she put down and made permanent records of them. But even in her writing after he died, her usual fluency and complexity of writing is present, which would be counterevidence to the theory of his authorship. Sainthood Perhaps because of her famous (or infamous) flouting of ecclesiastical authority, Hildegard of Bingen was not initially canonized by the Roman Catholic Church as a saint, although she was honored locally as a saint. The Church of England considered her a saint. On May 10, 2012, Pope Benedict XVI officially declared her a saint of the Roman Catholic Church. Later that year on October 7, he named her a Doctor of the Church (meaning her teachings are recommended doctrine). She was the fourth woman to be so honored, after Teresa of Avila, Catherine of Siena, and Tà ©rà ¨se of Lisieux. Death Hildegard of Bingen died  on September 17, 1179, at age 82. Her feast day is September 17. Legacy Hildegard of Bingen was, by modern standards, not as revolutionary as she might have been considered in her time. She preached the superiority of order over change, and the church reforms she pushed for included the superiority of ecclesiastical power over secular power, and of popes over kings. She opposed the Cathar heresy in France and had a long-running rivalry (expressed in letters) with another figure whose influence was unusual for a woman, Elisabeth of Shonau. Hildegard of Bingen is probably more properly classified as a prophetic visionary rather than a mystic, as revealing knowledge from God was more her priority than her own personal experience or union with God. Her apocalyptic visions of the consequences of acts and practices, her lack of concern for herself, and her sense that she was the instrument of Gods word to others differentiate her from many of the female and male mystics near her time. Her music is performed today and her spiritual works are read as examples of a feminine interpretation of church and spiritual ideas. Sources â€Å"A Contemporary Look at Hildegard of Bingen.†Ã‚  Healthy Hildegard, 21 Feb. 2019.The Editors of Encyclopaedia Britannica. â€Å"St. Hildegard.†Ã‚  Encyclopà ¦dia Britannica, 1 Jan. 2019.Franciscan Media. â€Å"Saint Hildegard of Bingen.†Ã‚  Franciscan Media, 27 Dec. 2018.

The Classical Dramatic Speech From Sophocles Antigone

The Classical Dramatic Speech From Sophocles' Antigone Written by Sophocles around 440 B.C., the title character in Antigone represents one of the most powerful female protagonists in theatrical history. Her conflict is a simple yet poignant one. She gives her dead brother a proper burial against the wishes of her uncle, Creon, the newly crowned King of Thebes. Antigone willingly defies the law for she devoutly believes that she is doing the will of the gods. A Summary of  Antigone In this monologue, the protagonist is about to be entombed in a cavern. Although she believes she goes to her death, she contends that she was justified in offering her brother his funeral rites. Yet, because of her punishment, she is uncertain about the ultimate goal of the gods above. Still, she trusts that in the afterlife, if she is at fault, she will learn of her sins. However, if Creon is at fault, the fates will surely inflict revenge upon him. Antigone is the  heroine of the play.  Stubborn and persistent, Antigones strong and feminine character supports her family duty and allows her to fight for her beliefs. The story of Antigone surrounds the dangers of tyranny as well as loyalty to family. Who Sophocles Was and What He Did Sophocles was born in Colonus, Greece in 496 bc and is considered one of the three great playwrights in classical Athens amongst Aeschylus and Euripides.  Famous for the evolution of drama in theater, Sophocles added a third actor and reduced the importance of the Chorus in the execution of the plot. He also  focused on character development, unlike other playwrights at the time. Sophocles died around 406 BC. The Oedipus Trilogy by Sophocles includes three plays: Antigone, Oedipus the King, and Oedipus at Colonus. While they are not considered a true trilogy, the three plays are all based on Theban myths and often published together.  It is understood that Sophocles has written over 100 dramas, though only seven full plays are known to have survived today. An Excerpt of Antigone The following excerpt from Antigone is reprinted from Greek Dramas. Tomb, bridal chamber, eternal prison in the caverned rock, whither I go to find mine own, those many who have perished, and whom Persephone hath received among the dead! Last of all shall I pass thither, and far most miserably of all, before the term of my life is spent. But I cherish good hope that my coming will be welcome to my father, and pleasant to thee, my mother, and welcome, brother, to thee; for, when you died, with mine own hands I washed and dressed you, and poured drink-offerings at your graves; and now, Polyneices, tis for tending thy corpse that I win such recompense as this. And yet I honored thee, as the wise will deem, rightly. Never had I been a mother of children, or if a husband had been moldering in death, would I have taken this task upon me in the citys despite. What law, ye ask, is my warrant for that word? The husband lost, another might have been found, and child from another, to replace the first-born; but, father and mother hidden with Hades, no brothers life could ever bloom for me again. Such was the law whereby I held thee first in honor; but Creon deemed me guilty of error therein, and of outrage, ah brother mine! And now he leads me thus, a captive in his hands; no bridal bed, no bridal song hath been mine, no joy of marriage, no portion in the nurture of children; but thus, forlorn of friends, unhappy one, I go living to the vaults of death. And what law of Heaven have I transgressed? Why, hapless one, should I look to the gods anymorewhat ally should I invokewhen by piety I have earned the name of impious? Nay, then, if these things are pleasing to the gods, when I have suffered my doom, I shall come to know my sin; but if the sin is with my judges, I could wish them no fuller measure of evil than they, on their part, mete wrongfully to me. Source: Green Dramas. Ed. Bernadotte Perrin. New York: D. Appleton and Company, 1904

Levendary Cafe case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Levendary Cafe - Case Study Example However, the failure of this company and other companies in the Chinese market is not due to poor management. The failure has primarily resulted from failure to carry out a concise and thorough research. For example, Pretzel Time was unsuccessful in the market as a result of ignorance of proper sitting arrangements. This company overlooked the need to study and adapt decent decor. Hence, the tile dà ©cor they used in its establishment was for a bathroom. The failure by the designer of this company made it lose many potential customers. In addition, the other element which needs to be noted concerning entry into the market revolves around the VP’s decision to select many locations across the country. One can easily assume that VP’s objective for the entry was to ensure that the businesses succeed even during their first year of operations. The assumption is null, since your objective seems to have been to come up with a reliable market niche. From this, the business would have been expanded further. It seems that Chen’s choice of locations depended on their prices. Therefore, he wanted to reduce costs at all levels, so as to come attain his desired goal of achieving a successful business. It is also important to note that the plans to enter the Chinese market were poorly implemented. The poor implementation of the plans is depicted by how this company took long to realize its need to adopt GAAPs for accounting purposes of revenue collected. The VP considered this step to be so expensive. 1. The company needs to close down Chinese-like restaurants and to replace them with those restaurants that assume an American concept. This decision will be effective since competitors such as McDonalds and KFC have remained in foreign markets and still have a good customer base. 2. The headquarters, under your leadership, can embrace a mixed concept aspect. The aspect needs immediate change of the services offered so that at least two menus are served in

Epicenter and Magnitude of the Earthquake Assignment

Epicenter and Magnitude of the Earthquake - Assignment Example To locate the epicenter of the earthquake, the seismologists examine seismograms from three seismic stations. The seismologists measure the time interval of S-waves and P-waves in about 45 seconds and place the vertical lines at an interval of about 2 seconds. The measured S-P time interval will help to determine waves distance of travel from the focus to the station. It is paramount to note that the actual location of the epicenter is on the circle's perimeter to be drawn around the station. Therefore, to triangulate this position, there must be three seismic stations. A circle with an appropriate radius is drawn around every station and where the three circles intersect is the epicenter of the earthquake. Â  The seismologists use a well-known Richter scale to measure the magnitude of an earthquake. To determine the earthquake’s Richter magnitude, seismologists require one to know the surface the wave’s amplitude and the distance to the origin of the earthquake at the seismic recording site or location. The distance of the seismic recording and footage station from the epicenter can be determined by getting the time difference between the arrival of the P-waves and S-waves at the station. The difference is called S-P interval. The amplitude of the surface wave depends on the earthquakes magnitude and the distance between the epicenter and recording station. It is a measure of how many millimeters the ground will move at the recording station. The amplitude and S-P interval is then used to determine the Richter magnitude.

Employees would like to improve the value of their work using the 7 Essay

Employees would like to improve the value of their work using the 7 stage Checkland Soft Systems Methodology (SSM) - Essay Example In the end, the conclusion summarizes the findings and their applicability in the real world. Soft Systems Methodology was developed by Peter Checkland and is a seven step methodolgy to construe models to solve organizational problem situations. It provides a comparison of the current world with certain focused models that can solve ‘soft’ problems. The approach is deemed to be participative and can be carried out by organization members with the support of a facilitator who is familiar with the methodology. It is of most use for people who work and involves drawing rich pictures to expand on different models and systems (Hersh & Hamburg, 2006). The problem under consideration is how can employees improve the value of their work. There are many factors that can accrue to overall improvement in work performance. More importantly, factors that are impeding improvement strategies from being implemented need to be addressed. The value of work done by employees depends partly on the working environment and partly on the employer. Therefore, in order to bring about de finitive change, the employer’s support and cooperation is of great importance. This paper identifies the problems faced by employees in order to improve the value of their work. The first part of the SSM inquiry deals with identification of the problem. The later part deals with root definitions of the systems and the development of potential models; the last steps expound on the efficacy of the proposed recommendations in the real world. For a business organization to function successfully, the value of work of the employees plays a very critical role. It is as much the responsibility of the employees as it is the duty of the line manager to ensure that optimum employee performance is achieved. However, due to any reason, if the employees are not able to put in their best performance, the value of their work is

Minimum Wages Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Minimum Wages - Essay Example With both the Democrats and the Republican united on the issue of increase in the minimum wage a price hike is predicted in the near future. The current price of minimum wage is likely to rise from $5.15 to $ 6.15 in a phased manner spread over a period of 2 to 3 years. There has always been a clash of interest among organized labor groups and the business community. Organized labor group call for more competitive hike in minimum wage so that the workers enjoy a marked advancement in their standard of living. The business community is apprehensive of the economic consequences of rising minimum wage. Small business fears they would face a crunch forcing them to shut down their business or discourage new entrepreneurs due the rising cost of labor. Most small business organizations are in short of finance and hence if the cost of hiring labor is more then the profit generated then the costs are cut and expenses covered by making less recruitment. The business community at large predicts that the increases in cost of minimum wage would force them to lay off people and discourage them from making new recruitments thus increasing the rate of unemployment especially of the unskilled labors.

SWOT Analysis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 3

SWOT Analysis - Essay Example It is done, to maintain a very good relationship with the patients so as to retain them for longer period of time. It might prove effective for the organization of Mayo clinic so as to enhance its reputation and demand in the market among others. High brand image- the news paper of United States described the organization of Mayo Clinic as a provider of integrated care services to its patients. As a result of which, the patients are extremely satisfied and pleased with the services of the hospital resulting in amplification of its position and market share among other contenders. Along with this, it might also prove effective in amplifying its reputation and patient base in future era thereby reducing the fear of new entrants. Large presence- the organization of Mayo Clinic is also present in three major metropolitan locations such as Rochester (Minnesota), Jacksonville (Florida), and Phoenix (Arizona). Therefore, due to the presence of the organization of Mayo Clinic in various locations, the patients might very easily reach it to attain varied types of services at an effective cost among others. Huge employees- the organization of Mayo Clinic also comprises of huge range of employees so as to offer value-added services to its patients. And this might help the organization to enhance its image and market share among other rival players. Competitive cost- the organization of Mayo Clinic also offers varied types of services to its patients at a quite effective cost. This acted as one of the most important strength for the organization of Mayo Clinic among others. Less number of doctors- the organization of Mayo Clinic fails to offer varied types of medical practitioners to its patients at appropriate time-period and so, a huge range of patients gets dissatisfied. This hinders the reputation and market value of the

Immortality Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Immortality - Essay Example The influence of immortality has had a basis in human society for thousands and thousands of years. Whereas many people will fantasise about the idea that our physical bodies may surpass their lifespan, it is now universally accepted that no one can live forever (in the physical sense); yet the debate as to whether there is some essence, namely the human soul, that 'lives on' after our physical body has passed away continues to fuel much debate. Thousands of years ago the search for the Philosopher's Stone, a red coloured compound which was believed to greatly prolong human life, as well as turn metal into gold (and thus bring wealth as well as long life), became the holy grail of the medieval world. Buddhism in particular places much emphasis on the belief that our 'essence' moves from creature to creature through reincarnation, that we are reborn into a new body each time our physical one dies, and that our actions in the last body determine which new body we are put into. Christia nity, unlike Buddhism believes that our actions in this life determine whether we spend the rest of eternity in Heaven of Hell. There are many people who will then go on to argue that if a person does not go to Heaven or Hell, they will become trapped in Limbo, wandering 'in between' the astral planes. Christian beliefs seem to have derived a lot from the teachings of Plato, be it that the changed Gods to God. The fact that immortality has played such an integral role in society and religion raises many questions. It begs an answer to the question 'what is motivating people to look for things (namely religious beliefs and actual objects, such as the Philosopher's Stone), that will secure their immortality Why do people want to live forever' Moving on from this question then we can ask 'are religious systems and people in powerful positions manipulating people's belief (particularly in the immortality of the soul, and hence the fate of it after death), in immortality to control their actions' A King, for example in medieval England could use the Church as a vehicle for ensuring that all his subjects obey his every order. Yes, it was believed that a King had 'divine right,' but were these 'rights' believed to be from God or were they a creation of the Monarchy, or an age old belief that the monarchy had corrupted The King could easily have, and did, punish heretics, using their deaths as a warning to others that if they too committed heresy their souls would be damned to hell, because an insult to the King is an insult to God himself.It follows from this that I am sceptical of the idea that the soul will ascend or descend to its Christian resting place. Whilst I too humour the idea of the soul, I find myself drawn towards the idea of reincarnation. Perhaps it is my ego, yet as I sit and think, I cannot help but recall the teachings of Hume. He stated that we could never know our 'true self,'1 be that our soul or something else, because all we can ever experience (Hume was a renowned advocate of Empiricism2), is our perceptions. I am aware that I am constantly in a 'perceptive state' (thinking, reasoning, unconsciously or consciously), I cannot see how

SWOT Analysis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 3

SWOT Analysis - Essay Example It is done, to maintain a very good relationship with the patients so as to retain them for longer period of time. It might prove effective for the organization of Mayo clinic so as to enhance its reputation and demand in the market among others. High brand image- the news paper of United States described the organization of Mayo Clinic as a provider of integrated care services to its patients. As a result of which, the patients are extremely satisfied and pleased with the services of the hospital resulting in amplification of its position and market share among other contenders. Along with this, it might also prove effective in amplifying its reputation and patient base in future era thereby reducing the fear of new entrants. Large presence- the organization of Mayo Clinic is also present in three major metropolitan locations such as Rochester (Minnesota), Jacksonville (Florida), and Phoenix (Arizona). Therefore, due to the presence of the organization of Mayo Clinic in various locations, the patients might very easily reach it to attain varied types of services at an effective cost among others. Huge employees- the organization of Mayo Clinic also comprises of huge range of employees so as to offer value-added services to its patients. And this might help the organization to enhance its image and market share among other rival players. Competitive cost- the organization of Mayo Clinic also offers varied types of services to its patients at a quite effective cost. This acted as one of the most important strength for the organization of Mayo Clinic among others. Less number of doctors- the organization of Mayo Clinic fails to offer varied types of medical practitioners to its patients at appropriate time-period and so, a huge range of patients gets dissatisfied. This hinders the reputation and market value of the

Logistics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words - 1

Logistics - Essay Example In the near future, low-cost RFID â€Å"electronic product codes† or â€Å"smart-labels† may be a realistic substitute for optical barcodes on customer items. Unluckily, the worldwide consumption of RFID devices in consumer items may expose innovative security and privacy risks not present in closed manufacturing environments (Benny, 2002). One auto-ID system missing the flaws of optical barcodes is supported by radio frequency identification (RFID). The name â€Å"RFID† could be applied to systems in use for more than sixty years. Possibly the earliest radio identification technology was the â€Å"Identify Friend† system used in Allied aircraft throughout World War II. In 1940, the British Royal Air Force prepared aircrafts with radio transponders that would take action when interrogated. RFID transponders take object classifying information. This information may comprise the producer, product, model and a distinctive serial number. Cooperatively, this information is frequently referred to as the tag’s identity, or simply as ID. An identity may be of any length. Mostly, a 96 bit identity would be sufficient for most functions. RFID tags comprise a little microchip connected to an antennae or other pairing component. The tag corresponds by means of radio frequencies with a transceiver. The tag identity may be read automatically devoid of line of sight, through non-conducting matter for instance cardboard or paper, at a speed of several hundred reads per second and starting a distance of several meters. RFID systems have come into view as a realistic auto-ID stand in industries as wide-ranging as automobile manufacturing, microchip fabrication and even cattle herding. The final example is in fact one of the first commercialized RFID systems. A strong RFID tag with a distinctive identity was connected to each cow’s ear, permitting herders to follow a specific animal in addition to take temperature readings. These tags could

The Client Under Design Bid Build Procurement System Construction Essay

The Client Under Design Bid Build Procurement System Construction Essay Procurement system of Construction project is broad in scope because it involve the gathering and organizing of innumerable of separate individuals, firms and companies to design, manage and build construction product such as commercial building, residential building, Infrastructure, bridges, factory for specific client. (Rosli Abdul Rashid et al, 2006) The procurement literally means to obtain by care, to acquire While, system in literally mean organized method, approach, technique, process or procedure (Rosli Abdul Rashid et al, 2006). (The Aqua Group, 1999) described procurement system s the process obtain goods and services from another for some consideration. Project Procurement is the organization structure needed to design and build construction projects for a specific client (Masterman,1996). 2.2 Design Bid Build Procurement system (Traditional Procurement system)Client Architect/Engineer Contractor Sub-Contractor Design Bid Build Procurement system is describe as the statute for delivering public owner improvement project ( Marion Country Board of Commissioner, 2011). Design and Bid Build Procurement system is a separation of design from Construction, the system is harder integration coordination of various design. The coordination is multiple responsibilities and allocation of design and construction responsible are not always clear (K.C .Lam, n, d). The Design Bid Build Procurement system has been identified as the slowest project delivery approach (Rosli Abdul Rashid er al, 2006). Traditional system is better cost control as such cost increase due to variation minimized, but works were often disrupted when there are too many variations (due to unforeseeable problem) and it tend to cause the cost to inflate (Masterman, 1996). Design Bid Build provid high degree of quality certainty and functional standard because it provide opportunities for client to combine the best design, management and construction expertise between consultants and contractor .Moreover, it also provide more time for client and consultants to review and fully develop the design and specification thus allowing better documentation preparation (Rosli Abdul Rashid er al, 2006). In traditional procurement system, Architect is the lead designer, but coordination of services is passed to ME consultant and Main contractor and Site Coordination by all sub-contractor managed and prepared by Main Contractor ( K.C .Lam, nd). Design and build procurement system are the process where the client deals directly with the contractor for the complete building and it is the contractor who is not only responsible for but also coordinate the separate design and construction process, including engagement of the design team, therefore contractually linked with the contractor and not the client( The Chartered Institute of Building (CIOB-1983), n.d). 2.2.1Role of the Client under Design Bid Build Procurement System Under a traditional Procurement system, the client employs plans and specification by the way of bidding format to obtain tender bid and select the select the suitable contractor. This means the client warrants the sufficiency of the plans with full disclosure of the information and assumes any liability for defects and the plans and specification that he provides to the contractor. ( Bryan S. Shapiro, 1994). 2.2.2 Role of Consultant and Contractor under Traditional Procurement system Normally the architect or engineer will prepare the plan and specifications for the owner prior to tendering. Which mean the architect or engineer legally responsible to the owner for the design defects according his professional services. Generally, the design professional has no liability for the construction defects, other than for the defects that should observe from field services inspection which he has carried out. Most important of all, the designer has contractual obligations to protect the owner The consultants act as the agent for the owner during the construction phase ( Bryan S. Shapiro, 1994). The Contractor is has liability for defective construction and workmanship, but he has no responsible for design defects ( Bryan S. Shapiro, 1994). 2.2.3 Advantages of Traditional Procurement system The Design Bid Build Procurement system is known quantity to client, designers and constructors. This is the greatest strength for this procurement system. For so many years, this delivery system was the predominant one for the construction in United State. The Procedure and contractual rules of conduct have been worked out and well understood by all the construction parties. Most of the professionals prefer this well define relationship, which reduces their level of risk because this procurement reduces uncertainty. Under the right circumstance, this means that a project more likely to proceeds smoothly from the beginning stage until the end of the project (Frederick E. Gould Nancy E. Joyce, 2003). The mood also contains contractual protection for the client. The allocation of the risk for the construction performance rests almost completely on the contractor and subcontractors. The Client was insulated from many of the risk of cost overruns, such as nonperforming sub-contractors, labour inefficiencies, inflation and etc. In most instances, the client knows the final cost at the beginning of the construction cost, and the risk of cost overruns is borne by the contractor. However, the risk of cost increases depends to large extent on the accuracy and completeness of the contract documents (Frederick E. Gould Nancy E. Joyce, 2003). Last, the client has not to be involved in the construction process. But, he must involve in design stage to make the decision about accept or not accept the design. Once the construction process start the client is represented by the consultants empowered to act in his name to make recommendation (Frederick E. Gould Nancy E. Joyce, 2003). 2.2.4 Disadvantages of Traditional Procurement system The contractor does not enter the process until the design complete, which mean the design not usually reviewed for constructability before it is finish. Design features could have been built more effectively and economically often result in higher costs. Some of the design firm solving this problem by hiring preconstruction consultants or having construction professional. Although this is bring benefit to the project but it is not effective as having design reviewed by the contractor. (Frederick E. Gould Nancy E. Joyce, 2003). Next, the traditional procurement system is difficult to reduce the time required by both design and construction. The process is sequential and linear from design stage to procurement stage then last construction stage. There is no chance to overlap tasks and thus reduce overall time. This will cause the raise of interest expenses on construction loan and other costs and can expose the project to risk of inflation. The time element problem always is the primary reason client refuse in use of the Design Bid Build method (Frederick E. Gould Nancy E. Joyce, 2003). Subsequently, unforeseen conditions on a job also be source of the conflict and may lead changes in the contract. A through design process complete set of drawings attempt to minimize these conditions. Conduction additional soil borings or opening walls in renovation work can help to properly identify actual conditions and avoid future conflicts. Unfortunately, not every condition can be identified and when unforeseen events occur the contract may have to be renegotiated between client and contractor. This may take away advantage to the client in terms of knowing the cost when the beginning stage of construction (Frederick E. Gould Nancy E. Joyce, 2003). 2.3 Design and Build Procurement SystemClient Architect/Engineer Contractor Sub-Contractor Term Design and Build refer to the procurement strategy that entail the contractor carry out the work; design work as well as the construction completion of the work .Design and build procurement system is define as an integrated procurement system. This system was first launch at Malaysia in 1983, the first project handle by design and build was the Kuala Terengganu Hospital complete at 1985. (Ng Weng Seng and Aminah Md Yusof, 2006). The main characteristic of the Design and build system are single responsibility to a particular organization which mean the fox price lump sum and the project is designed and built specially to meet needs of the client (Ng Weng Seng and Aminah Md Yusof, 2006). According (Mladen Radujkovic etl, n.d.) the Design and build procurement system is a single point contract between client and Contractor. (Turner, 1990) and (Jansen, 1991) supported that DB contractor is supplying option of buying a finished building. (Masterman, 1992) state that the term Design and Build has almost been identical interpreted and defined as being an arrangement where one contracting organization takes sole responsibility. Design and build having a better integration coordination of all member work under one umbrella and consultant works with contractor, second coordination after design is not necessary, and both will be involved for the design stage. In DB procurement system, DB consultant must be provide workable drawing and both Architect and engineers will provide coordinated design and solve coordination problem quickly (K.C.LAM, n.d). DB procurement system is a fast tracking delivery system, because it allow process of detail of design and construction to run parallel and concurrently to each other, therefore if any problem occur consultant can contractor can solve immediately and reducing overall project development period. Cost of DB procurement system is more higher than traditional procurement system because it lack of design and specification detailing during tender, this cause uncertainties to contractor for pricing. DB procurement also are allow contractor utilize his knowledge and experience to develop much compacted and coherent work program and to develop more efficient design and project control. (Rosli Abdul Rashid er al, 2006) This DB procurement system is used extensively in certain industries, particularly industrial construction. The complexity of the industrial projects such as oil refineries and power plants makes them a good candidate for DB. Before the traditional method become popular, DB was actually the preferred mode of delivery for almost all projects, although it was not named as such. An owner hired a master builder, who designed the project, acquired the materials, and hired and supervised the craft workers on the site. This mode of delivery became less popular as professional tasks became more specialized (Frederick E. Gould Nancy E. Joyce, 2003). In general, it can be conclude that DB procurement system provide single point responsibility for the whole design and construction. Contractor, who is responsible for the implementation of the project, has right control all over the project. This nonetheless does not deter the involvement of the client. The clients requirement and specification always been taken in to priority consideration, which consequently present uniqueness of the system (Frederick E. Gould Nancy E. Joyce, 2003) 2.3.1Role of clients under Design and Build procurement system The difficulty with the preparation of the clients requirements does not end at the preparation stage. Most of the clients do not realise that the requirements only amount to schematic design of the product. In traditional procurement system, the supervising consultant would prepare the detail design before issuing the instruction to the contractor. In DB procurement system the contract assume that the contractor take care of the detail design and is conferred a relatively wide mandate when interpreting the clients requirements (Tan, Daniel, 1997). Disputes as to whether and instruction constitutes a variation often revolve around the clients requirements. Has there been non-compliance of the requirements or otherwise? It would be appear that the new client tat wish to have more in the end of the product would have more detail clients requirement prepared. Inevitably higher cost to the client will result in preparation of clients requirements which defeat one of the benefit of adopting a design and build procurement system (Tan, Daniel, 1997). When the clients providing too much detail may realise that they are doing what their contractor is being paid to do. But, some may not realise that they may also be prejudicing their contractual position by assuming responsibility for parts of the design, particularly so if the detail design is on their contractor. (Tan, Daniel, 1997). 2.3.2 Role of Contractor under DB procurement system Under DB contract the contractor is assumes that to responsible for the design. It is incumbent on the contractor to engage a design team to come up with a design which comply the clients requirements (Tan, Daniel, 1997). For those inexperienced DB contractor the selection of the designer for project design team is vital. Not only should the contractor select the team member that know how to integrate their portion of work into overall design intended by contractor, it is imperative that each team member knows how to receive instructions from the contractor (Tan, Daniel, 1997). There are vast number of the consultants in Malaysia are not accustomed to receiving the instruction from the contractor. Irrespective of the terms and conditions of the contract at hand, some consultants either consciously attaches more weight to the requirement of the client rather than contractor. Consultants appear to be entrenched in the traditional form arrangement and area inflexible, so it seems when taking instruction from contractor. The selection process for the design consultants must be exercised with great care to ensure that they are able and willing to receive instruction from contractor (Tan, Daniel, 1997). 2.3.3 Advantages of DB procurement system The reason for most of the clients choosing DB procurement system is this system provide good communication that can occur between the design team and construction team. Many large size DB companies specialize in particular areas and have developed a smooth flow between design and construction phase of the project. This collaboration allows the project be easily fast tracked, cutting down and overall schedule for the project (Frederick E. Gould Nancy E. Joyce, 2003). Good communication between design team and construction team are allows construction input early in the design phase. Such input includes constructability analysis, value engineering and subcontractor pricing. Cost estimating, master programme, long lead item identification, and ordering all become part of the overall project planning (Frederick E. Gould Nancy E. Joyce, 2003). This arrangement allows easier incorporation of changes due to scope of unforeseen conditions since their coordination occur within the same contractual entity. The client is less heavily involved and sits outside the direct day to day communication between designer and constructor. This keep owner staffing to a minimum and puts the full responsibility for good communication, problem solving , and project delivery on DB team (Frederick E. Gould Nancy E. Joyce, 2003). 2.3.4 Disadvantages of DB procurement system Although DB procurement system give the owner a fixed, firm price before the project start, this generally does not happen in a DB arrangement. Because the firm is hired before the design has start, any real pricing is not possible. Instead, client usually enters this arrangement with conceptual budget but without guarantee of a firm price. Firming up the price too soon puts the DB team in the position of making the scope of fit the price, which carries the risk of sacrificing quality to protect profit. If the project is fast-tracked, the client may not have a good idea about the final price until parts of the project complete (Frederick E. Gould Nancy E. Joyce, 2003). Next, the Client ability to remain marginally involve can be both and advantage and disadvantage. When DB Company has an organization that is efficient at performing work, the project can move very fast. If the client does not stay consistently involve throughout the process, he may have to make decision without fully understanding the issues. Once the project develops a rhythm, the project is difficult to change that rhythm. If the client is not moving to the same rhythm, the project may take a direction that he does not want but is not aware of until too late (Frederick E. Gould Nancy E. Joyce, 2003). Last, is the lack of check and balances. In the traditional contract, the designer prepares a complete set of documents, which is used to measure and evaluate the performance work done at the site. The client often hires the consultant to oversee the work of the contractor to ensure that the deficient work is identified and correct. But the in Design and Build procurement system the designer works for Contractor Company. Similarly, during construction the contractor sometimes uncovers the certain design deficiencies and error on missions. The designer is contract bound by the contractor to correct these deficiencies without additional cost to the client. In Design and build the designer and builder are put in position of critiquing their workers and perhaps affecting their bottom line by that critique. The client must rely more heavily on the quality and ethics of the firm since most of the checks and balances will likely take place behind the companys door (Frederick E. Gould Nancy E. Joyce, 2003). 2.4 Contractor Risk and Problem Some of the problems unfortunately only surface after commencement of a project and in not expected, it will pose real problems to unsuspecting clients and contractors. (Tan, Daniel, 1997). The unsuspecting client may find that he still has to engage his own consultants for technical guidance and preparation of the material setting out the clients requirement. The trustful contractor may find that his costs and effort for tendering would be quite high especially if he is unsuccessful in the tender exercise. Contractor liability assumed for design could be much wider than anticipated (Tan, Daniel, 1997). The most of the problem face by contractor was, delays in the construction industry are a global phenomenon and the construction industry Malaysia is no exception (Muraili Sambasivan Yau Wen Soon, 2005). Delays and disruption to contractors progress are major source of claims and disputes in construction industry. The matter often in dispute concern the dichotomy in responsibility for delays (Clients and Contractors) partly because of the multifarious nature of the sources of delays and disruption. With increased project complexity and requirements coupled with multiple parties all subject to their performance exigencies, the resolution of such claims and disputes has become a matter difficulty (Nuhu Braimah Issaka Ndekugri, 2008) The factor adversely affecting the cost performance of project are conflict among project participants, ignorance and lack of Knowledge, presence of poor project specific attributes and non-existence of cooperation, hostile socio economic and climatic condition, reluctance in timely decision, aggressive competition at tender stage and short bid preparation time (K.C. Iyer K.N. Jha,2005). Late and non-payment from the client will cause cash flow problems to the project especially to contractors (M.S. Mohd Danuri, M.E. Che Munaaim,H.Abdul Rahman M.Hanid, 2006) Some common type of problem faced by the contractors who was a bumiputra in Malaysia Construction industry such as Lack of expertise and experience Over-optimistic estimation in tender bids Material price escalation Financial problems Material supply networking Lack of skilled worker Lack of construction material and machineries Inefficient an ineffective planning and management Communication problems (Abdul Rahman Ayub Janidah Eman, 2006) Delays of deliveries, sub-standard workmanship and materials, poor safety management on sites and cost over-run of governments project are some of the issues that been seriously discussed by the government. (Abdul Rahman Ayub Janidah Eman, 2006) Sub-contractors failure to perform to the quality expectations (Abdul Rahman Ayub Janidah Eman, 2006) Delays of project causes are financing of and payment for completed works, poor contract management, changes in site condition and shortages in materials (Mansfeild NR, Ugwu OO Doran T, 1994). Delay via project participants and extraneous factors (Odeyinka HA Yusif A, 1997). The following is some risk face by contractor. Financial constraints Late payment by clients Relationship between emerging contractors and suppliers Difficulties when running a business (Wellington Didibhuku Thwala Mpendulo Mvubu, 2008) Â · 2.5 Communication Channel Many author identified communication as one of the core indicators in enhancing the practice of team integration in construction projects (Che Khairil Che Ibrahim et al, 2011) Communication has been link to team effectiveness, the integration of work units across organisational levels, characteristic of effective supervision, job satisfaction and overall organisational effectiveness (Love et al, 1998) The construction industry needs to communicate better not only with the public but also its distinct professions or we can call communication also is a professional practice (Cheng et al, 2001) By establishing communication flows, involvement patterns and other behavioural responses to unexpected change events, the nature of any professional and cultural interfaces can be established (Moore,D.R. Dainty, A.R.J, 2001) In order to lower down the complexity of the design implementation process, high degree communication between the designer and builder must be established (Ochieng, E.G. Price, A.D., 2009) Lack of communication between all key member of the project in any construction project in a multi-disciplinary team has led to trouble in the development process for both project management and design implementation levels (Evbuomwana, N.F.O Anumba, C.J., 1998). The communication barriers between project team had left the construction team almost to the design changes. They further added that by having multi-disciplinary project team, communication system can be improved as the will encourage face to face between the design team and construction team. Developing effective communication systems throughout the construction supply chain will ensure good and dependable flows of information; establishing mechanisms for problem resolution and for generating added-value into project scan be improved as they will encourage face to face relationship and interaction between team member (Briscoe, Dainty,A. ,2005) Construction organisation must form effective communication link in order to realise the benefits of partnership and alliances. Organisation thattrly on co-operation and trust have been found to obtain lower costs for as long as network is maintain (Cheng et al, 2001) 2.5.1 Communication and Conflict The construction project who communicate most often are the distinct professions such as client, contractor and designer. The highly differing professions and their multi-disciplinary skill often limit the scope of communication amongst the professions (Professor James Sommerville, Nigel Craig and Michael Mccarney, 2004). Within construction project delays are almost inevitable and as a result of this conflict and claims situations will arise (Alkass et al, 1995). The construction industry is inherently burdened with conflict and disputes s a result of increasing complex projects by clients (Kangari, 1995) Conflict within communication can be traced back to inadequate inaccurate, inappropriate, inconsistent and most important late information (refer Table 1) and this can occur despite the advancements made in document management system and information management techniques (Tam, 1999) Factors that contribute to conflict Information Factors Human/organisational factors Lack of adequate project information Lack of integration amongst project parties Lack of information from the client Lack of competence and professionalism Inadequate contract administration Inappropriate contract/procurement type Inadequate contract documentation Adversarial culture of construction organisations Inadequate design/tender information Slow response form clients Poor document transfer/communication Unrealistic time, cost and quality targets Table 1: Factors that contribute to conflict within the construction industry 2.5.2 Electronic Document Management Systems (EDMS) EDMS has often been viewed as a non-value added component of the construction process. As a result of this view, most of the construction organisations suffer greatly from the consequences of poor information management systems (Kangari, 1995). Construction project begins the day first negotiations or network communication has taken place. A great problem of many projects and construction organisations is poor, unstructured record keeping the document control throughout the project. However, the use of system like EDMS can be called upon to provide structured document based evidence that can be used to settle a dispute (Ren et al., 2001) Organisations that support the notion of structured EDMS keep the most sophisticated documentation records and will have a decide advantage in any dispute resolution proceeding (Kangari, 1995). EDMS encourages co-operative working environments and streamlines communication throughout the varying construction organisations although the huge quantities of project documentation created can result in information overload and can be attributed to the rise in use of general IT systems within the construction industry (Professor James Sommerville, Nigel Craig and Michael Mccarney, 2004). Managing project information with EDMS removes the onus on the individual to file information; this person in the past had been responsible for filing and other associated task (Sommerille and Craig, 2002). EDMS system should in essence control, store and transfer project information in systematic manner taking away the need to rely on individual of organisation to take the task. EDMS produce not only vast amounts of information but also better and more understandable structured information (Professor James Sommerville, Nigel Craig and Michael Mccarney, 2004). Electronic Document Management System (EDMS) have provided the industry with great benefits in the consistency of document generation, accessibility and the exchange of project documentation and have now become crucial component for managing the construction project. The widespread adoption of Information Technology (IT) and EDMS has created a culture of openness and trust and one which allows all project participants to have instantaneous access to project documentation although the nature of the industry can also contribute to the lack of IT involvement in many construction organisations (El-Ghandour and AL-Hussein, 2004). 2.3 Measurement of project performance 2.3.1 Contractor Effectiveness and efficiency Every project can be evaluated by well performance or bad performance. There are a lot of way can measure the performance of the project. Different country has a different way to measure the project performance. Performance basically measures by effectiveness and efficiency (Sinclair and Zairy, 1995). Effectiveness is mean the contractor produce the contingency plan before the construction start, which mean the contractor and his consultancies team alreadyv identify all the risk which will possible cause the project delay. However, Efficiency is contractor provide the good performance with complete the work within the time and within the budget. The most important is ensure the quality of the construction when handle the product to the Employer. 2.3.2 Improvement of the performance from previous project. ( Mbugua et al., 1999) define performance of the project is measured as an organized way of operation or construction activity and acts as tool for continuous improvements. Contractor can improve their performance base on the previous performance from the project which is same characteristic which the current project. Example, the current project is the contractor has to build the 30 storey high residential building under Design Bid build procurement system. Contractor can review the previous project which is same characteristic as current project. Contractor can improve the weakness and minor mistake which make in the previous project, so the contractor can ensure it would not happen again in this project. Next, is to maintain the strength to this project, the contractor understand their strength so they can carry the project with smooth flow and provide good performance during construct the building. 2.3.3 Iron Triangle (Arazhi Idrus, Mahmoud Sodangi and Mohamad Haq Husin, 2011) state that in early of 1990s, the project success was measured by the project duration, monetary cost and project performance. Time, cost and quality are the basic criteria for to success complete the project, it also known as the iron triangle as this feel element will always include in any project evaluation. Nowadays, most of the contractors are using this 3 element as the criteria for the success of the project. But, unfortunately most of the small firm size contractors at Malaysia just focus on the Cost. They do whatever they can to protect their profit, this will cause most of quality of the project did not meet the standard which state in the content of the contract document. 2.3.4 Construction Business Performance Measurement (Love and Holt, 2000) discussed the criteria measure of the construction performance in United Kingdom (UK) in construction industry. They found 2 different type of the Construction Business Performance Measurement, which are Stakeholder Perspective Measurement (SPM) and Business Performance Measurement (BPM). BPM is a myopic thinking should rejected as it focusing short term, being specific, profit-oriented and neglecting broader stakeholder problem (Arazhi Idrus, Mahmoud Sodangi and Mohamad Haq Husin, 2011). This method of measurement only to meet client objectives and goals without consider the nature of business environment, structure of organization and level of technology employed (Love and Holt, 2000).Subsequently is SPM practice under three perspective which are stakeholders entity where they take account on interest of customers and shareholders; goal-orientated (profit centred) as a system that involve in resource garnering, conversion and exchange with environment (Love an d Hold, 2000). 2.3.5 Different Procurement with Different Performance According to (Abdul Rashid et al, 2006) there are different procurement system are available for the Employer and effect of the differe